<u>Answer:</u>
Recent evidence suggest that feathers evolved from scales and suggest that 'feathers and pycnofibers' could be homologous.
<u>Explanation:</u>
- One of the major difficult issue related to bird evolution is the evolution of feathers.
- Feathers are considered as the most 'complex integumentary structures' which are found in vertebrates.
- Evolutionary developmental biology suggests that the 'planar scale structure' is been modified for developing into feathers by 'splitting' to form web like structures.
- Scales and Feathers consist of 'two distinct form of keratin' so it was thought that 'each type was exclusive skin structure' but recent study suggests that they are developmental expressions of same skin structures.
• It is important. If we write 'bB' , it would be wrong.
◘ First, the dominant genes are written (like B) . This is a must. This is a rule.
◘Recessive genes (like b) are always written after from the dominant gene.
=> Namely, 'Bb' should be.
This is the right shape :)
Answer:
Bacterial plasmid are easily gotten from commercial suppliers, controlled to produced recombinant plasmits through the process of inserting foreing DNA, before it is introduced into bacterial cells.
A pH environment has a significant effect on an enzymes. It can affect the intramolecular forces and change the enzyme's shape -- potentially to the point where it is rendered ineffective. With these effects in mind, typical enzymes have a pH range in which they perform optimally. For example, alpha amylase, which found in the mouth, operates most effectively near a neutral pH. However, lipases operate better at more basic pH levels.
