Answer/Explanation:
(1) a mutation in the coding region, resulting in an inactive protein
To check to see if there is a mutation, you could extract the DNA from the cancer cells and then perform PCR to amplify the gene of interest. You could then perform sanger sequencing and compare the sequence to the normal gene to see if a mutation is present. To test the effect of the mutation, you would want to see if an active protein has been formed.
To see if a normal sized protein has been formed, you could perform a western blot, comparing the protein band to the WT protein band. If the protein is absent or much smaller, it is likely not a functional protein.
(2) epigenetic silencing at the promoter of the gene, resulting in reduced transcription.
To check for changes in the epigenetic landscape of the promoter, you could perform chromatin immunoprecipitation by extracting the chromatin from the tumour cells and using antibodies for different chromatin marks to see what has changed between the normal cells and the tumor cells. E.g. H3K9me3, H3K27me3. You would perform a pull down with the antibody of interest and then PCR for your promoter to specifically look at changes at that gene compared to normal cells. To test DNA methylation, you could perform bisulfite sequencing.
To see how transcription is affected, you could extract RNA from the tumor and normal cells, and compare the levels of RNA between the two samples by qRT-PCR
Explanation:
In the process of photosynthesis, plants that contain chlorophyll utilize carbon dioxide and water using energy from sunlight that is absorbed by chlorophyll to make glucose + oxygen.
Any change in allele frequencies in a gene pool is a mutation
<span>they maintain the integrity of the cell membrane </span>
Answer:
The function of the male parts of flowering plants is to produce pollen grains. The pollen grains contain sperm which will fertilize the egg and create a seed to sprout the next generation of plants. The main male part is the stamen. It is divided into two parts: the anther and the filament.
Explanation: that may or may not help, but i hope it does
