Answer:
11. D.
12. A.
13. D.
14. B.
15. A.
16. B.
17. B.
18. Refer to the explanation (I highlighted it so you can browse easier)
19. B.
20. C.
Explanation:
11. Codominance is a non-mendelian inheritance pattern. It is when two dominant traits are inherited and both are expressed in the organism. Because both are dominant, a blended expression of the trait results in the off-springs.
12. Look at the cross for this problem below:
XHXh and XHY
XH Y
XH XHXH <em>XHY</em>
Xh XHXh <em>XhY</em>
<em></em>
The mother is a carrier, so that means she is heterozygous for the trait hemophilia. Look at the sections with XY. We see that a son can inherit the recessive trait and the other does not.
13. The two main stages of the cell cycle would be interphase and mitosis. Interphase is the phase of the cell-cycle where the cell prepares for cell division. It is at interphase where DNA is duplicated and the cell grows. Mitosis is the actual phase where division takes place.
14. The Human Genome Project or HGP is a collaborative research program that aims to determine the COMPLETE sequence of the human DNA and to identify the locations of the genes in the sections of all chromosomes. It also aims to create maps that link inherited traits across generations.
15. Recombination is a genetic process where DNA is broken down and then recombined to poduce different traits in the off-springs. This can be done between different organisms to produce combined traits.
16. From mRNA, the sequence is translated by the tRNA or transfer RNA. The tRNA carry amino acids that code for specific sequences. These amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
17. 3-letter sequences in mRNA code for a specific amino acid. These are collectively known as codons. These codons match up with anti-codons of tRNA which code for specific amino acids.
<em>18. For this problem, you did not provide a Punnet but I can help you out by showing you the different possible crosses because the answer would depend on the cross. Look at the attached image. </em>
<em>If your problem is like CROSS 1 then the answer would be 75 percent would be Purple and 25 percent would be white. </em>
<em>If your problem is like CROSS 2 then the answer would be ALL will be purple.</em>
<em>If your problem is like CROSS 3 or CROSS 4, the answer would be half of the offspring will have purple and half would have white. </em>
19. Cells interact with other cells nearby and throughout the body depending on what needs to be done. Cells can interact with nearby cells directly, or they can do this chemically or through other processes as well, especially when they are far apart.
20. Females receive X chromosomes from both parents. Females have a pair of X chromosomes. Going back to your problem, because the trait is recessive and the mother is only a carrier and the father is not a carrier, the chances of a female off-spring inheriting the trait would be 50%. You can look at the cross below:
XHXh and XHY
XH Y
XH XHXH XHY
Xh XHXh XhY
As you can see in the cross, one of the daughters did not receive the recessive trait XHXH.
