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3 years ago

One of the characteristics of retrotransposons is that

1 answer:

5 0

Retrotransposons are class of transposons that contain long terminal repeats and code for an enzyme that synthesize DNA using an RNA template. It is found in all eukaryotes but absent in prokaryotes. About 42% of human genome is made up of retrotransposons. They are particularly abundant in plants, in maize 49-70% genome is made up of retrotransposons.

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(a) Identify the most likely mode of transport across the membrane for substance L. Explain how information provided helps deter

Viefleur [7K]

Active transport occurs against the electrochemical gradient. It needs energy to move molecules from the lower concentration side to the higher concentration side. The mode of transport is active transport. 

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There are three main different types of transport across the membrane

Simple diffusion ⇒ Does not need energy to occur
Facilitated transport ⇒ Does not need energy to occur
Active transport ⇒ Needs energy to occur

Active transport is the transport of molecules that move against the electrochemical gradient, so it does need energy to happen.

Molecules move from the lower concentration side to the higher concentration side of the membrane.

Carrier proteins are in charge of active transport. The needed energy might proceed from the ATP molecules or the membrane's electric potential.

In the exposed example, a scientist wants to determine how substance L enters a cells in a culture.

The cells maintain a 120 mM intracellular concentration of substance L.

Varying external concentrations of substance L (10 to 100 mM) in culture medium (Table 1).

Table 1. Rate of entry of substance L into mammalian cells in culture

External concentration of substance(mM) Rate of entry of substance L

10 5%

20 25%

30 45%

40 65%

50 80%

60 90%

70 95%

80 100%

90 100%

100 100%

Now, we need to identify the most likely mode of transport across the membrane for substance L, and explain how information provided helps determine the most likely mode of transport.

We know that the intracellular concentration is 120mM.

As we can see, this concentration exceeds all of the culture media concentrations. Yet, the substance keep moving into the cell.

As the concentration inside the cell is always higher than the concentration outside, we can assume that this is not passive transport because the molecule transport is going against its concentration gradient.

Hence, the remaining option is active transport. And as said before, we can see it because the substance keeps crossing the membrane toward the cell interior despite its concentration being higher in the interior of the cell than in the exterior.

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6 0

3 years ago

Which of the following are all part of the sun’s atmosphere?

nydimaria [60]

C: Photosphere ,corona ,chromosphere.

4 0

3 years ago

Learning Competencies: 1. Explain how protein is made using information from DNA. 2. Explain how mutation may cause changes in t

olga2289 [7]

Answer:

The correct answer is -

1. protein synthesis or central dogma

2. leads to changes in the structure by changing in the codes which results in a decrease or loss of function.

Explanation:

1, Protein is made from the information coded in DNA base sequences by the two process protein synthesis that is also called central dogma. The two-process involve in this are transcription involves encoding the information present in DNA by mRNA molecule that codes the information in complementary sequence to DNA. which is then moved out of the nucleus and perform the translation with help of tRNA and ribosome to code the amino acid with help of triplet codes present in mRNA. These amino acids chain are called proteins.

2. Mutations can lead to change in the base sequences or deletion of the base which affects the structure of the protein and also leads to changes in an encoded protein or to a decrease or complete loss in its function or expression. Mutation can damage the cell or organism as it affects the gene expression of all cells of organisms.

7 0

3 years ago

Where do virus grow ? what they cause ?

USPshnik [31]

Answer:

Viruses rely on the cells of other organisms to survive and reproduce, because they can't capture or store energy themselves

4 0

2 years ago

The function of tRNA is to

a_sh-v [17]

The function of tRNA is to read the messages of the nucleic acids, and then translate it into amino acids.

8 0

3 years ago