Consider an urn initially containing n balls, numbered 1 through n, and suppose that balls will be randomly drawn from the urn,
one by one, and without replacement (so that after n draws, it is empty). Letting X be the number of successes that will occur, where a success is considered to occur on the ith draw if the ball obtained is numbered i or smaller, give the expected value of X. (E.g., if n = 5, and the balls are drawn in the order 3, 1, 5, 4, 2, then x = 3, because the 2nd, 4th, and 5th draws result in successes, but the 1st and 3rd draws don’t.)
