Amino acids are essentially the "building blocks" of proteins. You could think of it as an individual amino acid combining with others to form a link or stand.
Wings of a windmill, because they’re producing energy.
Answer: the factors that increase cardiac output include:
--> Nervous stimulation and
--> Hypertrophy of the heart.
Explanation:
Cardiac output can be defined as the quantity of blood pumped into the aorta each minute by the heart. This is also the quantity of blood that flows through the circulation. There are factors that can cause increased cardiac output or that can lead to a hypereffective heart. They are:
--> NERVOUS STIMULATION: The combination of sympathetic stimulation and parasympathetic inhibition does two things to increase the pumping effectiveness or cardiac output of the heart. These include:
• it greatly increase the heart rate from the normal level of 72 beats/mum up to 180 to 200 beats /mom.
• it increases the strength of heart contraction, which is called increased contractility to twice it's normal strength.
--> HYPERTROPHY OF THE HEART: A long term increased workload, but not so much excess load that it damages the heart, causes the heart muscle to increase in mass and contractile strength in the same way that heavy exercise causes skeletal muscles to hypertrophy. This effect of increased muscle mass of the heart, allows the heart to pump much greater than usual amounts of cardiac output.
Answer:
The water potentials (Ψ) of the cell and its surroundings are the same.
Explanation:
When a cell is kept in hypotonic surroundings such as distilled water, the osmotic movement of water occurs towards the cell. The entry of water makes the cell swell up and it becomes turgid. Water potential is determined by solute and pressure potentials mainly. Here, the solute potential of the cell and the distilled water was different resulting in differences in their respective water potential values which in turn served as a driving force for endosmosis.
When the cell is fully turgid, the solute concentration of the cell and the surrounding distilled water become equal to each other. Under these conditions, the water potential of the cell and distilled water are the same.
With the actions of the humans the biodiversity is facing a huge problem in most of the world, the habitats are destroyed, forests are cleared, animals are killed, water and air are polluted...
In order to conserve the biodiversity there are certain things that have to be put in action. The methods for conservation can be in-situ methods and ex-situ methods.
The in-situ methods are the preferred ones, as these methods are focused on conserving the environment as it is. This basically means that the ares that have larger biodiversity, and especially where there's species that are rare, should be made national parks, sanctuaries, monuments of nature, thus being protected by law.
The ex-situ methods are the ones that involve the conservation of the species outside of their natural habitat. That is done with gene banks, sperm and ova banks, seed banks, zoos and botanical gardens, collections of In vitro plant tissue and microbal culture, and captive breeding of animals and artificial propagation of plants.
