I believe it is
B. South pole
At that time there was the potato blight occuring
Islamic civilization experienced a golden age under the Abbassid Dynasty, which ruled from the mid 8th century until the mid 13th century. Under the Abbassids, Islamic culture became a blending of Arab, Persian, Egyptian, and European traditions. The result was an era of stunning intellectual and cultural achievements
The Lowell Mill Girls represented all that women were capable of and just how strong they could be at a time when that was not fully recognized. You could say the "trend in society" they represented was the increasing spotlight on women and women's issues.