The synthesis of ATP is based on energy conversion, via conformational changes of the subunits.
A proton gradient on either side of the membrane into which the ATP synthases are inserted is necessary for their operation, which implies that the synthesis of ATP can not be done independently of a membrane. Within the mitochondrial inner membrane, it is the respiratory chain that provides the pH gradient by injecting protons into the intermembrane space during the transfer of electrons from one complex to another. At the level of the thylakoid membrane, it is the photosynthetic chain that injects protons into the lumen.
This is called <span>thigmotropism
It comes from ancient Greek and basically means to touch in a certain direction. They don't, however, only react to touch; they react to things like wind too in order to latch and not be separated when there's wind blowing on them. </span>
Answer:
Muscular Dystrophy : 50%
Breast cancer: 50%
Explanation:
Muscular Dystrophy (linked to X):
1/2 (mother) x 2/2 (father) = 2/4 (50%) chance of having an affected child with MD
Breast cancer (autosomal dominant disorder):
1/2 (mother) + 0 (father) = 1/2 = 50% chance of having an affected child with breast cancer
Answer:
First, you need to retrieve the FASTA sequences of the already sequenced genes. After that, you should make a sequence alignment on a software like CLUSTALW (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/clustalw2/) to seek for the conserved regions of the gene. Based on this regions, you will design your FISH probe, which for bacteria can start in 33 bp (Ming Tan <em>et al.</em>, 2019), but a 200 bp probe is a very suitable size. There are several companies that fabricates this custom probes, and sell all the reagents to perform the experiments. Having this, you will perform your FISH experiment to see which cells are actively degrading Toluene.
Explanation:
Answer:
then cause Atlantis to happen again
Explanation:
