he answer is because <span>samples of air taken over erupting volcanoes shows that volcanoes
contribute a small amount of chlorine in the stratosphere compared to CFCs. Volcanic
eruptions account for a large instability of chlorine from land to the
atmosphere on a yearly basis. This is in addition to chlorine that enters the
atmosphere from sea spray, industrial processes and biological gases which are
from CFCs. All of these inputs happen near or at the base of the atmosphere. Very
little of the material emitted from volcanoes makes it up into the upper
reaches of our atmosphere which is the stratosphere where it could touch the
ozone layer. However, most of it is believed to be deposited lower down which
is in the troposphere, where it then rained out back to the surface of the
earth.</span>
Answer:
a radio uses the reflections of a coil of wire placed in a permanent magnetic field.
Answer:
I think the question is "How might an RNA-based genome results display an increased in infection rate?" because current statement doesn't convey a message clearly.
Explanation:
To answer this question, we need to understand first that what is gene expression. Gene expression is a process in which genetic information is transcribed first to RNA and then into proteins. During transcription stage, only active genes would be transcribed to RNA and all other DNA material don't transcribe at all. Now, if there is an infection, host cell would express only those genes which would actively take part in the defense mechanism, e.g. R-genes, genes involved in production of reactive oxygen species, etc. Hence, to monitor the infection rate, we will look at the RNA-based genome. To do this, we will extract the total RNA and then would sequence it. Then we will annotate the genes and check the relative abundance (differential expression). Finally, we would have a clear that these genes were active against the infection. By doing temporal sampling and sequencing, we would be able to measure the rate as well.
For the second part, potential complications that could arise in doing analysis is the lower amount of RNA, or rapid degradation of RNA in case of presence of RNAses. RNA can be degraded easily at room temperature.
Animal cell - bursts
plant cell - becomes turgid and doesnt burst because of cell wall
