1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Allushta [10]
3 years ago
11

Like replication and transcription, translation is a process in which the information present within a nucleic acid template is

used to guide the synthesis of a new polymer. But the translation machinery is much more complex than the machinery involved in replication or transcription. Discuss the aspects of translation that make it so challenging for the cell.
Biology
1 answer:
morpeh [17]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

The aspect of translation that makes it so challenging for the cell is that it involves too many steps and too many molecules and organelles. mRNA associated with rRNA and tRNA. rRNA reading mRNA in a specific direction. Codon sequences indicating where to start and where to finish the synthesis. Different codons codifying for different aminoacids and tRNA recognizing those codons to add the correct amino acid to the chain. If the protein is destined to exportation, RER and Golgi complex are also involved in the process.  

Explanation:

In protein synthesis, the first step is to synthesize messenger RNA, mRNA. The transcription is the coping process of the DNA section, and it happens in the nucleus. After that, the translation occurs when the formed mRNA moves to the cytoplasm through the nucleus membrane pores.

Once in the cytoplasm, it begins the translation process. mRNA meets a free ribosome, which is the primary structure for protein synthesis. Ribosomes are composed of two subunits, a big one and a small one. They also associate with different tRNA that carrying amino acids. Ribosomes might be floating freely in the cytoplasm or can be attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

The ribosome reads mRNA in the 5´ to 3´ direction, and, according to the codons that are being readen, tRNA transfers the correct amino acids to build the polypeptide chain. Each tRNA has two important sites. One of them that couples with the codon of the mRNA molecule, named anticodon. The other site couples with an amino acid through the action of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthase enzyme. The whole complex, amino acid + enzyme + tRNA is named aminoacyl-tRNA. Considering that there are twenty amino acids available, there are also twenty complexes of aminoacyl-tRNA, one for each amino acid.  tRNA allows amino acids to align according to the nucleotidic sequence in the mRNA molecule.  

Once the new amino acid links to the growing peptidic chain, the binding between the amino acid and the tRNA molecule breaks. The tRNA is now free to join another amino acid and repeat the cycle.  

The protein is synthesized from the amino terminus to the carboxy terminus, while the added amino acids to the chain are coded by a codon formed by three bases in the mRNA. mARNs also have a start and end codon that are the signals of the synthesis initiation and finish. When the ribosome reaches the end codon, protein synthesis is over.

And if the protein is destined for exportation or cell membrane, its synthesis also involved organelles like the Rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex.

You might be interested in
Suppose you have a range of cells with numbers and a few blank entries. if you sort the range in ascending order (smallest to la
skelet666 [1.2K]
After sorting, the blank cells will be located at the bottom of the filled cells.
For the Microsoft excel software, the software has been designed in such a way that the empty cells will always be below the filled cell after sorting action is performed on the cells. Excel typically use blank column to set a data range.
7 0
3 years ago
Which kingdom is completely off unicellular organisms that are prokaryotic
Andreas93 [3]

Answer:

Eubacteria

Explanation:

3 0
3 years ago
Sugar molecules can enter cells through the process of
Keith_Richards [23]
Facilitated diffusion but I might be wrong
8 0
3 years ago
What is the reason behind the high surface tension of water
torisob [31]
<span>The high surface tension helps the paper clip - with muchhigher density - float on the water. The property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of its molecules.</span>
5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Which safety rule is most important when smelling the product of a chemical reaction?
RSB [31]
Use a wafting motion
7 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • Could someone please help me with this answer thank you!
    15·1 answer
  • Calculate the work done by a 47 N force pushing a pencil 0.26 m.
    6·2 answers
  • What is the first step in the creation of a theory
    8·1 answer
  • A company in San Francisco uses petroleum products to make plastics. Arrange the sentences in the correct order to show how the
    6·2 answers
  • The expression of a gene is said to be ‘turned on’ when certain signals interact with the promoter of a gene and RNA is prod
    12·1 answer
  • G double-strand breaks and repair in bacteria and during homologous recombination in eukaryotes are
    15·1 answer
  • Long-term memory may involve
    14·2 answers
  • Which of the following best explains how the
    7·1 answer
  • In eukaryotes, the citric acid cycle occurs in the _______, and the electron transport chain in the _______.
    10·1 answer
  • Which is NOT connective tissue?<br> A. Bones<br> B. Fat<br> C. Blood<br> D. Neurons
    5·2 answers
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!