As albedo in the Arctic region is getting higher, incoming radiant energy of the sun will be more reflected. If albedo in the Arctic region is falling, incomig radiant of the sun will be more absorbed.
Albedo is a name of overall reflectivity in terms of the Sun's spectrum.
The density of a population of living organisms is usually measured in individuals on one square km. In here we have 50 earthworms on an area of 5 square meters, thus we have 10 earthworms on every square meter. In order to get to the result we need to see first how many square meters there are in one square km. One square km has one thousand meters of length and one thousand meters of width so:
1,000 x 1,000 = 1,000,000 km²
Since we established that we have 10 earthworms on every one square meter, we just need to multiply the number of square meters with the amount of earthworms on every square meter:
1,000,000 x 10 = 10,000,000
So we have a density of 10 million earthworms per square km.
Answer and Explanation:
The Huntington disease is caused by a mutation in the gene that codifies for the Huntingtin protein (Htt). The mutation produces an altered form of the protein leading to the neuron´s death in certain areas of the brain.
The Huntington disease characterizes for being,
- Hereditary, passing from generation to generation. To express the disease, a person must have been born with an altered gene.
- Autosomal, affecting men and women equally, because the mutated gene is located on an autosomal chromosome.
- Dominant, which means that by getting only one copy of the altered gene coming from any of the parents, the receiving person will express the disease. The mutation in the gene dominates over the normal gene copy.
- Expressed by heterozygosis. Most people affected by the disease are heterozygous, with a normal copy and a mutated copy.
There are just a few cases all around the world (3% approximately) in which the disease is expressed with no family history. The progenitors are not affected by the mutation. These cases are very rare and are called <u>"de-novo" mutations.</u> A new mutation is spontaneously produced and it is not inherited from any of the parentals. It consists of an increase in the number of CAG repetitions. In a normal person, the number of CAG repetitions is less than 35. When there are 40 or more repetitions it occurs the disease. But when there are between 35 and 39 repetitions, the penetrance of the disease is incomplete. This is a "gray zone". Those alleles that fall in the gray zone are unstable and might produce the HD. Individuals with these unstable alleles have a tendency to increase the number of repetitions from generation to generation until the number reaches 40 repetitions and the person expresses the disease. This <u>usually occurs in the paternal germinal line</u>, as it is particularly unstable in sperm and probably meiosis greatly affects their instability, causing an increase in the number of CAG repeats.
Addition or deletion of nucleotides in any number besides 3 results in a "frame-shift mutation."
This is because every 3 nucleotides of DNA/mRNA exons codes for a single amino acid in the synthesis of a protein. This triplet codon theory means that if 3 nucleotides are added or deleted then an amino acid will be added or lost, but subsequent codons and amino acids will still be read correctly.
However, if any number of nucleotides other than 3 are added or removed, then the codons following the mutation will be out of "sync," in terms of the reading order.
Hence it is called a frame-shift mutation because it shift the reading frame when translating nucleic acids into proteins. Frame shifts will lead to the wrong amino acids being adding in the wrong order for the rest of the code after the mutation.
Bacteria is good, but there is some bad. in this case, your talking about your digestive track therefore, this is good bacteria and what bacteria does is it breaks down the stuff that your body cannot break down by itself so the answer is C I hope this helped and I hope it was the branist answer
