Answer:
See below.
Explanation:
For a, first we calculate the credit multiplier of the economy,
Credit multiplier = 1 / reserve ratio
Credit multiplier = 1 / 0.25 = 4
This means that any change in money supply will be 4 times as much in the economy, hence to induce a change of $120 billion, the Fed will decrease the money supply by 120/4 = $30 billion. This will increase the interest rates just enough to stabilize aggregate demand.
For b, we again start by calculating the credit multiplier.
Credit multiplier = 1/0.10 = 10
Since the Fed want to stimulate investment, it needs to use an expansionary monetary policy.
The Fed thus increases the money supply by 150/10 = $15 billion.
This will have the total effect of 150 billion on the whole thus achieving the Fed's objectives.
Hope that helps.
Answer: Option A
Explanation: In simple words, Variable cost is that cost of the business that changes with level of production. Hourly wage rate of workers, electricity bill of factory are some of many examples of variable cost.
The electricity consumption is fixed per unit, but if the level of production rises the electricity bill also rises as more units will be consumed.
Hence, from the above we can conclude that the right option is A.
E.) Opportunity cost is the cost associated with giving up one opportunity for the benefit earned by another.
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