The energy available for the second-level consumers is <u>4756.5 </u>kilocalories.
A trophic level is a position in the food chain or nutrient cycle of an ecosystem. Based on their eating habits, organisms in a food chain are divided into various levels. The first trophic level is usually occupied by producers that can synthesize their own food.
The efficient energy transfer from one trophic to another is only 10% rest of the energy is lost in the ecosystem. The studies of the transfer of energy in different food chains in a large number of ecosystems have revealed a uniform pattern, which is stated as the 10 percent law by Lindemann. According to this law, only 10 percent of the energy entering a particular trophic level of organisms is available for transfer to the next higher trophic level.
Calculation:
Producers (475650 kilocalories) —> Primary consumers (10% of 475650 = 47565 kilocalories) —> Secondary consumers (10% of 47565 = 4756.5 kilocalories).
So, the energy available for second-level consumers is 4756.5 kilocalories.
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A war, a spreading disease like a plague, or natural disasters.
It means a revervoir that is man-made (not natural).
Starches are known as polysaccharides. If we look at the word "polysaccharide" poly means "many" and saccharide means "sugar" so we can infer that a polysaccharide is a molecule composed of many sugars. We can also refer to starches as complex meaning that they are composed of simpler subunits. Those subunits are simple sugars (AKA monosaccharides) such as glucose, fructose, and galactose. When we hydrolyze a compound, we break it down into smaller components. Based on all of this information, hydrolyzed starches breaks it down into simple sugars such as glucose, fructose, etc. I hope the explanation is helpful.
Answer:
Lightning is an electric current. Within a thundercloud way up in the sky, many small bits of ice (frozen raindrops) bump into each other as they move around in the air. All of those collisions create an electric charge. After a while, the whole cloud fills up with electrical charges.
