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Sedbober [7]
3 years ago
11

Para fabricar la bicicleta de un niño pequeño se tiene en cuenta que la fuerza que puede desarrollar es menor que la de un adult

o y que no sabe cambiar de desarrollo. Por ello, se fabrica con un solo plato y un solo piñón de desarrollo muy pequeño. El plato es de 28 dientes y el radio de la rueda mide 20 cm. Si queremos que el desarrollo sea de 1,4 calcula: - El número de dientes que debe tener el piñón de la bicicleta. - Cuántos metros avanza la bicicleta por cada pedalada completa.
Physics
1 answer:
Georgia [21]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

a) El piñón debe tener 20 dientes.

b) La bicicleta avanza aproximadamente 1,759 metros por cada pedaleada completa.

Explanation:

a) El plato es el engranaje más grande que forma parte del sistema de transmisión, acompañando a la cadena y el piñón integrado a la rueda trasera. Asumiendo que no existen pérdidas por fricción seca y que las condiciones de lubricación del sistema de transmisión son óptimas tal que las pérdidas de potencia son despreciables. Además, supongamos que la bicicleta viaja a velocidad constante, entonces tenemos la siguiente identidad mediante las definiciones de trabajo y potencia:

T_{P}\cdot \omega_{P} = T_{p}\cdot \omega_{p} (1)

Donde:

T_{P} - Torque del plato, en newton-metros.

T_{p} - Torque del piñón, en newton-metros.

\omega_{p} - Rapidez angular del piñón, en radianes por segundo.

\omega_{P} - Rapidez angular del plato, en radianes por segundo.

Sabiendo el hecho que tanto el plato y el piñón experimenta la misma velocidad tangencial, podemos simplificar (1) como sigue:

\frac{T_{P}}{R_{P}} = \frac{T_{p}}{R_{p}} (1b)

Puesto que el radio de cada elemento y el número de dientes son, por separado, directamente proporcionales al número de dientes, modificamos (1b) así y tenemos la siguiente identidad, la cual equivale a su vez a la razón de desarrollo:

\frac{T_{P}}{T_{p}} = \frac{N_{P}}{N_{p}} = \frac{R_{P}}{R_{p}} = \frac{\omega_{p}}{\omega_{P}} (1c)

Donde:

N_{p} - Número de dientes del piñón, sin unidad.

N_{P} - Número de dientes del plato, sin unidad.

Si tenemos que r = 1,4 y N_{P} = 28, entonces tenemos que el número de dientes del piñón es:

r = \frac{N_{P}}{N_{p}}

N_{p} = \frac{N_{P}}{r}

N_{p} = \frac{28}{1,4}

N_{p} = 20

El piñón debe tener 20 dientes.

b) De acuerdo con la relación de desarrollo, por cada revolución realizada por el plato, el piñón realiza 1,4 revoluciones. Entonces, el avance realizado por la rueda trasera (s), en metros, es igual al productor de la relación de desarrollo y la circunferencia de la rueda, es decir:

s = r\cdot 2\pi\cdot R (1)

Donde R es el radio de la rueda trasera, en metros.

Si conocemos que r = 1,4 y R = 0,2\,m, entonces el avance realizado por la rueda trasera es:

s = r\cdot 2\pi\cdot R

s = (1,4)\cdot (2\pi)\cdot (0,2\,m)

s \approx 1,759 \,m

La bicicleta avanza aproximadamente 1,759 metros por cada pedaleada completa.

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