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balu736 [363]
3 years ago
5

Which genetic elementfound in HiV​

Biology
2 answers:
pshichka [43]3 years ago
4 0

Explanation:

Psi packaging Element is a cis-acting RNA element identified in the genomes of the retroviruses Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) It is involved in regulating encapsidation of the retroviral RNA, an essential step in replication.

Mkey [24]3 years ago
4 0

Explanation:

HIV-1 is composed of two copies of noncovalently linked, unspliced, positive-sense single-stranded RNA enclosed by a conical capsid composed of the viral protein p24, typical of lentiviruses. The RNA component is 9749 nucleotides long and bears a 5' cap (Gppp), a 3' poly(A) tail, and many open reading frames (ORFs)

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A model organism is a species that researchers study to better understand certain biological processes. Mollusks and arthropods
laila [671]

Hey there Brainly peep!

They can respond to changes in their environment which the answer is  

D. Mollusks and arthropods can respond to changes in their environment, while jellyfish and sponges cannot.


Hope this helped

8 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Are RNAs processed before translation is able to occur in Prokaryotes? Do only mRNAs undergo processing and maturation in Eukary
raketka [301]

Answer: RNAs are not processed before translation in prokaryotes, this process only takes place in eukaryotes.

Explanation:

Messenger RNA or mRNA is a single-straded ribonucleic acid that transfers the genetic information from the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule of the cell nucleus to a ribosome (which are the machinery responsible for protein synthesis) in the cytoplasm. mRNA determines the order in which the amino acids of a protein will be joined and acts as a template or pattern for the synthesis of that protein. To accomplish this, the DNA molecule must be transcribed into an RNA molecule, which is used for protein synthesis.

The messenger RNA obtained after transcription is known as primary transcribed RNA or precursor RNA or pre-mRNA, which in most cases is not released from the transcription complex in a fully active form, but in eukaryotes it must undergo modifications before it can perform its function (RNA processing or maturation). These modifications include:

  • Elimination of fragments (splicing): In most cases, the <u>mRNA undergoes the removal of internal, non-coding sequences called introns, and the connection of exons. This does not occur in prokaryotic cells</u>, as they do not have introns in their DNA.
  • Protection by CAP: <u>Addition to the 5' end of the structure called "cap" or "capping"</u>, which is a modified guanine nucleotide, 7-methylguanosine triphosphate, via a 5'-5' triphosphate linkage, instead of the usual 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. This cap is necessary for the normal RNA translation process and to maintain its stability.
  • Polyadenylation signal: <u>Addition to the 3' end of a poly-A tail, a long polyadenylate sequence, whose bases are all adenine</u>. Its addition is mediated by a sequence or polyadenylation signal (AAAAAA), located 11-30 nucleotides upstream of the original 3' end. This tail protects the mRNA from degradation, and increases its half-life in the cytosol, so that more protein can be synthesized.

The mature mRNA (in eukaryotes) is transferred to the cytosol of the cell through pores in the nuclear envelope. Once in the cytoplasm, ribosomes are coupled to the mRNA. However, in prokaryotes, ribosome binding occurs while the mRNA strand is being synthesized. After a certain amount of time, the mRNA is degraded into its component nucleotides by ribonucleases. So, the transcription and translation processes are carried out in a similar way as in eukaryotic cells but they occur simultaneously. But, the fundamental difference is that, in prokaryotes, the messenger RNA does not undergo a maturation process and, therefore, no cap or tail is added and no introns are removed. Moreover, it does not have to leave the nucleus as in eukaryotes, because in prokaryotic cells there is no defined nucleus.

So, RNAs are not processed before translation in prokaryotes, this process only takes place in eukaryotes.

6 0
3 years ago
If a disorder limits, the number of calcium ions that can bind to actin, what would happen to the sarcomere?​
sveticcg [70]

Answer:

Contraction is prevented

Explanation:

The sarcomere is the basic contratile unit of muscle i.e the unit responsible for contraction in the muscle and it consist of two main protein actin; which forms filaments involved in contraction and myosin; a motor protein responsible for contraction. Calcium interacts with these protein and in the absence of Ca, contraction is inhibited (sacromere with not be able to undergo contraction)

5 0
3 years ago
Please no links
Inessa [10]
The entire moon is full.
6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Punnett square question? 80 PTS FOR BEST ANSWER!
kkurt [141]

Answer:

Explanation:

For number 4, it tells you that purple body color is dominant to blue.

When an allele is dominant over another allele (alleles are different forms of genes, represented using letters) that means only one dominant allele needs to be present to express the dominant phenotype (phenotype is the physical appearance determined by genotype). Since purple is dominant, we use a capital "P" to represent it. Since blue is not dominant, it is called recessive, so we use a lower-case "p" to represent it.

The first genotype they give you, it is "PP", and since at least one big P is there, the phenotype is purple.

The second genotype they give you is "Pp", and since there is at least one capital P, the phenotype is also purple. It does not matter that the second allele is a lower-case, because as long as there is a capital P present, it will masks the presence of the lower-case (recessive) allele.

The third genotype is "pp", both are lower-case, so there is not dominant allele to mask the recessive ones. So, the phenotype is blue. The recessive phenotype will only be phenotypically present if the genotype is homozygous recessive.

Homozygous - having both of the same alleles (PP or pp)

In which PP is known as homozygous dominant, because it is made from the dominant allele. And pp is known as homozygous recessive, because it is made from the recessive allele.

Heterozygous - having one dominant and one recessive allele (Pp)

Note: It does that really matter what letter you use, the importance is whether it is a capital or not because that tells you if it is dominant or recessive.

The same for square shape. It says that square is dominant over round, so a capital letter is used to represent square (S), and a lower-case to represent round (s).

Therefore, the phenotype would be:

Square, Square, round, respectively.

Number 5 is asking you to go from the phenotype (physical look) to the genotype.

Tall head is (T) and dominant to short (t).

Tall = could be PP or Pp (homozygous dominant or heterozygous). It could be both since in both genotypes at least one dominant allele is present, so it will result in a dominant phenotype.

Short = tt. It is "tt" because it is recessive, and the only way to physically show the recessive phenotype is to have a homozygous recessive genotype.

Green is dominant over blue, so again.

Green body - the genotypes could be GG or Gg. At long as there is one capital (dominant) allele.

Yellow body - gg (it is recessive, so it cannot have a capital "G", or that would masks the recessive g).

Hope this helps.

7 0
3 years ago
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