Nitrogen, I found my answer here
http://slideplayer.com/slide/8953264/
Answer:
1. silent mutation
2. non sense mutation
3. missense mutation
Explanation:
1. <u>in a silent mutation</u>, the substituted base will code for <em>another</em> codon that will get translated to the <em>same</em> amnio acid
2. <u>in a non sense mutation</u>, the substituted base will code for a <em>STOP</em> codon that would cause the production of a faulty, usually non functional protein, <em>missing</em> some amnio acids.
3. in a missense mutation, the substituted codon codes for a <em>different</em> amino acid and this can have a small to great effect on the product protein based on its function. eg: sickle cell anemia where you've substituted a polar amino acid with a non polar one, thus causing severe consequences
Answer:
In a cell, there are two kinds of gradients found, that is, chemical and electrical. The electrical gradient is produced by the net charge of negative and positive charges found across the membrane. The chemical gradient is produced by the concentration of ions across the membrane. In combination, it is called the electrochemical gradient, which in general function in reverse directions.
The procedure where pumping of ions takes place across the membrane via ion pumps against the electrochemical gradient is known as the active transport. This mode of transport sustains the balance of ions across the membranes and is dependent upon energy. The ATP is provided by the metabolic activities of the cell.