Answer:
H-O-H polar
O-C-O nonpolar
H-C-N polar
Explanation:
Looking up the electronegativities of the atoms involved in this question, we have:
Atom Electronegativity
H 2.2
C 2.55
N 3.04
O 3.44
All of the atoms differ in electronegativity resulting in individual dipole moments in H-O, O-C, H-C and C-N bonds. To find if the molecules will be polar we need to consider the structure of the compound to see if there is a resultant dipole moment.
In H-O-H, we have 2 lone pairs of electrons around the central oxygen atom which push the angle H-O-H of the ideal tetrahedral structure to be smaller than 109.5 º resulting in an overall dipole moment making it polar.
In O-C-O, we have two dipole moments that exactly cancel each other in the linear molecule since the central carbon atom does not have lone pairs of electrons since it has 2 double bonds. Therefore the molecule is nonpolar.
In H-C-N, again we have have a central carbon atom without lone pairs of electrons and the shape of the molecule is linear. But, now we have that the dipole moment in C-N is stronger than the H-C dipole because of the difference in electronegativity of nitrogen compared to hydrogen. The molecule has an overall dipole moment and it is polar.
The correct answer is the octet rule.
Octet rule states that atoms tend to bond in order to have 8 electrons in their outer most electron orbit achieve stable configurations of noble gases.
When atoms form covalent bonds, they achieve the goal of having 8 electrons by sharing the electrons.
In ionic bond, atom either gain or lose an electron and form ions that have the stable configuration of 8 valence electrons.
Not all atoms follow the octet rule and there are many exceptions and variations.
Answer:
Explanation:
You may think of a lobster as red, but about 1 in every 2 million lobsters is blue! This blue color is the result of a mutation in the lobster’s genes. The mutation causes the lobster to make an extra amount of a protein called astaxanthin. This protein is usually important for the red color that you see when the lobster is cooked, but in excess amount, makes the lobster blue.
To know that compare the electronegativitis of the two elements.
The electronegativity of H is 2.2
The electronegativity of Br is 2.96
The difference does not seem enough to cause ionic bond. Then it is most likely thaty they form a polar covalent bond.
The -1 charge means that there is one more electron than protons, so there are 85 protons