I think the answer is either b or c
1 is most likely mutation
Defects in transcription factors underlie some forms of cancer.
The surface of a leaf has many tiny pores, called stomata. The stomata allow carbon dioxide into the leaf so that photosynthesis can occur. They also allow water to leave the leaf by transpiration. Plants that grow in full sunlight usually have most of their stomata on the shaded undersides of their leaves.
Active transport because it is moving from a lower concentration to a higher concentration
