Chlorine radicals perform the first propagation step:

Chemistry

1 answer:

Black_prince [1.1K]2 years ago

6 0

Answer:

b. radicals form easily in the presence of chlorine radicals.

Explanation:

Chlorine radicals perform the first propagation step: because "radicals form easily in the presence of chlorine radicals."

This is because the first propagation step consumes a CHLORINE RADICAL while the second propagation step regenerates a CHLORINE RADICAL. In this way, a chain reaction occurs, whereby one CHLORINE RADICAL can ultimately cause thousands of molecules of methane to be converted into chloromethane with C12 present.

Hence, in this case, the correct answer is that "radicals form easily in the presence of chlorine radicals."

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The question is missing the data sets.

This is the complete question:

A single penny has a mass of 2.5 g. Abbie and James each measure the mass of a penny multiple times. Which statement about these data sets is true?

O Abbie's measurements are both more accurate and more precise than James'.

O Abbie's measurements are more accurate, but less precise, than James'.

O Abbie's measurements are more precise, but less accurate, than James'.

O Abbie’s measurements are both less accurate and less precise than James'.

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Abbie’s data

2.5, 2.4, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.6

James’ data

2.4, 3.0, 3.3, 2.2, 2.9, 3.8, 2.9

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Explanation:

1) To answer this question, you first must understand the difference between precision and accuracy.

<span>Accuracy is how close the data are to the true or accepted value.
</span>

<span>Precision is how close are the data among them, this is the reproducibility of the values.</span>

Then, you can measure the accuracy by comparing the means (averages) with the actual mass of a penny 2.5 g.

And you measure the precision by comparing a measure of spread, as it can be the standard deviation.

2) These are the calculations:

Abbie’s data

Average: ∑ of the values / number of values

Average = [2.5 + 2.4 + 2.3 + 2.4 + 2.5 + 2.6 + 2.6 ] / 7 = 2.47 ≈ 2.5

Standard deviation: √ [ ∑ (x - mean)² / (n - 1) ] = 0.11

James’ data

Average = [2.4 + 3.0 + 3.3 + 2.2 + 2.9 + 3.8 + 2.9] / 7 = 2.56 ≈ 2.6

Standard deviation = 0.53

3) Conclusions:

1) The average of Abbie's data are closer to the accepted value 2.5g, so they are more accurate.

2) The standard deviation of Abbie's data is smaller than that of Jame's data, so the Abbie's data are more precise.

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