Answer:
a. positive; negative
Explanation:
Transcription is the process of forming an RNA molecule from a DNA template molecule. In this process, the strands of DNA separate and one serves as a template for RNA, while the other is inactive. At the end of the transcript, the tapes that have been split back together again.
The transcription process is divided into three steps: initiation, stretching and termination
During the stretching phase, transcription chain elongation occurs. In this phase the enzyme called RNA polymerase starts to move through the DNA molecule, unwinding its helix and producing an increasingly lengthened RNA molecule. The already transcribed DNA is rewound almost immediately, recomposing its double helix. This process is called the elongation phase.
During this process, it is believed that positive supercoils are generated ahead of the transcription bubble and and the negative supercoils behind it.
Answer:
DNA ⇄ RNA → PROTEINS.
Explanation:
Central dogma explains the flow of genetic information of the living organism. The DNA is converted to RNA by transcription and further into protein product by the process of translation. DNA can increase its number by replication process.
Retroviruses do not follow the central dogma and they have the ability to convert the RNA into the DNA molecule by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. Their central dogma is as follows:
DNA ⇄ RNA → PROTEINS.
Thus, the answer is DNA ⇄ RNA → PROTEINS.
Answer:HIV attacks a specific type of immune system cell in the body. It's known as the CD4 helper cell or T cell. When HIV destroys this cell, it becomes harder for the body to fight off other infections. When HIV is left untreated, even a minor infection such as a cold can be much more severe.
Explanation:
