Mutations present permanent and heritable changes in the genome. We distinguish gene and chromosome mutations. Mutations in the level of genes are called point mutations because only one to several nucleotides are changed. These processes are known as deletion, insertion, and substitution. Deletion presents a loss of nucleotides which changes DNA sequence. When new nucleotides are embedded in the DNA chain, it is known as insertion. Substitution implies the process where new nucleotides are inserted while the ones that were present in that specific spot in a DNA molecule are deleted.
Mutations can also appear in chromosomes altering their number and structure. There are four types of mutations - deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation. In deletion, a whole or one part of a chromosome is lost. Duplication presents an extra copy of a whole or one part of a chromosome. In an inversion, parts of a chromosome change order, while in translocation a part of one chromosome detaches and then connects to another.
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This constancy of the chemicals involved denotes that no particular reaction is taking place on the cells involved. For instance, during photosynthesis it would require CO2, H2O and photons to initiate the process. Thank you for your question. Please don't hesitate to ask in Brainly your queries.
Answer:
The correct answer is carbohydrate chain.
Explanation:
Plasma membrane contain various proteins such as peripheral proteins,transmembrane proteins,GPI anchored proteins.Among them some protein contain carbohydrate chain basically oligosaccharide chain which is arranged in the extracellular portion of the plasma membrane.
The principle function of these oligosaccharide side chains is to detect various chemical and biochemical signals from outside the cell .
For example integrin is a glycoprotein that detect the signal for communicating with the adjacent cells.
<span>Epithelial cells in the stomach require the use of coupled transport to make gastric acid. They use hydrogen potassium ATPase, which is an electroneutral pump, and exchanges potassium for hydronium in order to produce the gastric acid.</span>
