Answer:
1. The mother's comment wouldn't affect Dimitri because he is still in the pre-operational stage of Cognitive development.
During this stage, the child would most likely haven't develop the cognitive ability that allow him to see a certain scenario for other people's point of view (he wouldn't understand how his friends feel because of his action)
2. In this scenario, even though Dimitri still hasn't reach the stage where he could feel empathy toward other children, he's already capable to connect a certain event with his own emotional response.
So, in order to encourage him to stop the behavior, i would take away his toys while he's playing it. By doing this, Dimitri would understand the effect of his behavior and might stop doing it to other children.
Part 2.
1 Kohlberg might stated that Ryan is moving from a conventional (rule-following) stage of moral reasoning to a post conventional stage.
Post-conventional stage would be the stage where an individual started to develop their own personal moral standard rather than simply conforming to others
.Erickson would point out that Ryan is making personal effort to find his identity and the method that he choose to do this is by trying out different identities to see which one would fit .
