The money left over the cost of making a product or providing a service
The answer to this question is Variable cost.
As the level of production increase , the total variable cost is increased and vice versa.
Examples of variable cost are the cost of sugar in condensed milk factory, the cost of leather in bag manufacturing, the cost of coffee beans in starbucks, etc.
Answer:
Holding period return = 14.49%, Standard Deviation = 11.08 approx
Explanation:
Eco Scenario Dividend Stock Price HPR Prob Expected HPR
Boom 3 60 26 0.33 8.58
Normal 1.2 58 18.4 0.33 6.072
Recession 0.75 49 (0.5) 0.33 <u> (0.165)</u>
Expected HPR 14.49%
<u>Calculation Of Standard Deviation</u>
(A) (B) (A) - (B)
Given return Exp return d p 
60 50 3 26 14.49 11.51 0.33 43.718
58 50 1.2 18.4 14.49 3.91 0.33 5.045
49 50 0.75 (0.5) 14.49 14.99 0.33 <u> 74.15</u>
Total
= 122.91
wherein, d = deviation
p = probability
Standard Deviation =
=
= 11.08
<u></u>
<u>Working Note</u>:
Holding period return = 
Boom =
= 26%
Similarly, for normal =
= 18.4%
Recession =
= (0.5)%
figure in bracket indicates negative return
A. True. i believe the answer is A
1. autocratic
2. consensus
3. delegating
4. supporting
5. facilitating
6. Democratic
7. integrator