a. This recurrence is of order 2.
b. We're looking for a function
such that

Take the recurrence,

Multiply both sides by
and sum over all integers
:

Pull out powers of
so that each summand takes the form
:

Now shift the indices and add/subtract terms as needed to get everything in terms of
:


Solve for
:

c. Splitting
into partial fractions gives

Recall that for
, we have

so that for
and
, or simply
, we have

which means the solution to the recurrence is

d. I guess you mean
and
, in which case

e. We already know the general solution in terms of
and
, so just plug them in:

Answer:
oma cursos online gratis de chino para aprender a hablar y escribir en este idioma. Aprende chino con cursos de las mejores universidades en edX.
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer:
3 and 4 behcudndvhd... hope it helped
Sorry, don't even think i've learned this yet, maybe look up a video from khan academy?