I believe the answer is C
Excessive chaos because there is a large population to vote for a problem
Sweatshops were factories that treated the workers unfairly which could consist of low wages, poor environment, and possibly working long hours.
Christopher Columbus is the explorer who is credited for discovering America. Of course, there were already people living in America at the time who we call Native Americans. There even was a European, Leif Ericsson, who had been to the Americas before. However, it was Columbus' voyage that started the exploration and colonization of the Americas.
Late Mughal leaders' intolerance of non-Muslim citizens weakened the empire.