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Eddi Din [679]
3 years ago
8

Describe one observation that supports the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as independent prokaryotic organ

isms. I need help for Biology.
Biology
1 answer:
olga nikolaevna [1]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

  • Both organelles present their genetic material.
  • Both organelles divide by binary fission
  • Both organelles present a double membrane, the internal one looks identical to the bacterial membrane, while the external membrane looks like the eukaryotic one.
  • In the internal membrane are placed the energy centers, just as it occurs in bacterias membrane.
  • The sizes of the organelles are similar to the size of some procaryotes

Explanation:

The endosymbiotic theory essentially states that some organules of the eukaryotic cells, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, were once free-living bacteria. Probably, these organisms must have been phagocytized but not digested by another cell. These bacteria were able to adapt to their host, establishing a bond of dependence among each other.

Both organelles have many similarities with other free-living bacteria. For this reason, the theory states that chloroplasts derivate from cyanobacteria (because they both absorb sunlight, store the energy in ATP, and produce organic molecules) and that mitochondria derivate from rickettsias (because they produce ATP in the same way, by using the Krebs Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation).

This theory is supported by a few characteristics of the chloroplasts and mitochondria that suggest that they once were free cells. For example,

  • Both organelles present their genetic material. This DNI is independent of the cells´ DNA, is bi-catenary and circular, identical to the bacterial DNA, and very different from the one of the eukaryotic cells.
  • Both organelles divide by binary fission, not by mitosis, and can synthesize their ribosomes and organelles.
  • Both organelles present a double membrane, a characteristic that reinforces the idea of being phagocyted. The internal membrane looks identical to the bacterial membrane, while the external membrane looks like the eukaryotic one.
  • In fact, in this internal membrane are placed the energy centers, just as it occurs in bacterias membrane.
  • Finally, the sizes of the organelles are similar to the size of some procaryotes

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WARRIOR [948]

Answer:

Please find the answer to the blank spaces in each statement of the attached image in CAPS.

1. All energy comes from the SUN

2. Plants, algae and some bacteria capture energy by PHOTOSYNTHESIS in their CHLOROPLAST.

3. Plants, animals, fungi, protists, and most bacteria release energy by RESPIRATION in their MITOCHONDRIA.

Note:

- Photosynthesis requires CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) and WATER (H20) to make GLUCOSE (C6H12O6) and OXYGEN (02)

- Respiration requires GLUCOSE (C6H12O6) and OXYGEN (02) to make CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) and WATER

Explanation:

The image in this diagram is depicting how energy flows from the ultimate source, which is the SUN to other living organisms. Plants, algae and some bacteria have the ability to capture energy from the SUN using pigments in their CHLOROPLAST in a process called PHOTOSYNTHESIS, which they use to synthesize their food. The process of photosynthesis requires CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) and WATER (H20) to make GLUCOSE (C6H12O6) and OXYGEN (02) gas.

However, on the contrary, virtually all living organisms including: Plants, animals, fungi, protists, and most bacteria etc. release energy via an organelle called MITOCHONDRIA in a process called RESPIRATION. The process of respiration requires GLUCOSE (C6H12O6) and OXYGEN (02) to make CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) and WATER.

6 0
3 years ago
Huntington’s disease: Huntington’s disease is a disease in which certain parts of the brain waste away; symptoms usually begin l
neonofarm [45]

Answer:

Regarding Huntington's disease, it can be said that it is an inherited disease with an autosomal dominant character, so it is enough that one of the children inherits one of these characters to manifest this neurodegenerative disease, it is considered that the pattern is usually 50% of the total of children of sick parents can suffer it, however if both parents are carriers the number rises leading to 100% of the children affected, on the contrary if no parent has the dominant gene and are homozygous recessive, neither your children will suffer the disease

The possibilities are the following:

Parent 1, inheritance pattern: Hh * hh, the possible gametes for this cross-linking are H, H, h, h, offspring; Hh, Hh, hh, hh 50% of the children could be sick

Parents 2, inheritance pattern: hh * hh, the possible gametes for this cross-linking are h, h, h, h. the offspring will be; hh, hh. no sick child

Parent 3, inheritance pattern: HH * HH, the possible gametes for this cross-linking are H, H, H, H, the offspring will be HH, HH, all children may be sick, 100%

parents 4, inheritance pattern: Hh * Hh, the possible gametes for this cross-linking are h, H, h, H. the descendants will be HH, Hh, Hh, hh 50% of sick children

Parents 5, inheritance pattern: Hh * hh, the possible gametes for this interbreeding are H, h ,, offspring will be Hh all sick children

Parent 6, inheritance pattern: Hh * Hh the possible gametes for this cross-linking are H, h, the descendants will be Hh, the heterozygous descendants will have the disease.

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3 years ago
50 POINTS Use the library and other reference materials to research lupus. Then, write a 400 word report on what you have learne
mario62 [17]

Answer:

Symptoms of Lupus disease are inflammation, swelling, damage to the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, and lungs etc

Explanation:

Lupus refers to autoimmune disease in which the immune system of the body  attacks its normal and healthy tissue instead of virus and bacteria. Symptoms of this disease include inflammation, swelling, and damage to the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, and lungs etc. The main cause of this disease is the environment which trigger Lupus. Chemotherapy and medications such as Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and Antimalarial drugs etc are used for its treatment.

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3 years ago
In humans, what is the only homologous chromosome pair that isn't the same?
Katen [24]

Answer;

-23 in males

In humans, 23 in males is the only homologous chromosome pair that isn't the same.

Explanation;

-In humans, each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46.

-Twenty-two of these pairs, called autosomes, look the same in both males and females. The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, differ between males and females. Females have two copies of the X chromosome, while males have one X and one Y chromosome.

-The 22 autosomes are numbered by size. The other two chromosomes, X and Y, are the sex chromosomes.

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4 years ago
The sensing component of the feedback system that senses the changes in the environment and generates nerve impulse is known as
soldi70 [24.7K]

The sensing component of the feedback system that senses the changes in the environment and generates nerve impulse is known as a receptor.

<h3>What are nerve receptors?</h3>

Nerve receptors can be defined as biological structures capable of converting external/internal stimuli to electrical impulses.

Nerve receptors include different types of cellular structures located in eyes, skin, mouth, nose, etc.

In conclusion, the sensing component of the feedback system that senses the changes in the environment and generates nerve impulse is known as a receptor.

Learn more about nerve receptors here:

brainly.com/question/25753221

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6 0
2 years ago
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