Stare decisis is a legal doctrine that necessitates courts to follow historical cases when creating a ruling on a similar current or future case. Stare decisis safeguards that cases with identical facts be approached in the same way, except overruled by the same court or a higher court such as the US Supreme Court. Simply put, it binds courts to follow legal precedents set by previous decisions. Stare decisis is a Latin term meaning "to stand by that which is decided". The US common law system has a integrated system of determining legal matters from the principle of stare decisis and precedent. A past ruling or judgment on any circumstance is known as a precedent. Stare decisis commands that courts look to precedent when overseeing an on-going case with similar circumstances.
Answer:
Here you go.
Explanation:
Canada has seen strong gains in cross-border trade in the NAFTA era: U.S. and Mexican investment in Canada has tripled since 1993. U.S. spending, accounting for more than half of Canada's FDI portfolio, rose from $70 billion in 1993 to more than $368 billion in 2013.
During work and outside of it, slaves suffered physical abuse, since the government allowed it. Treatment was usually harsher on large plantations, which were often managed by overseers and owned by absentee slaveholders. Small slaveholders worked together with their slaves and sometimes treated them more humanely.
Effort is the expectation that successful performance of the task will lead to the desired outcome.
<h3>What is an Effort?</h3>
An Effort is any physical or mental activity that is carries out to achieve a goal or it is an attempt by some to carry out a task that is difficult or that involves hard work.
Effort also refer to hardwork in order to achieve a desired outcome.
Therefore, Effort is the expectation that successful performance of the task will lead to the desired outcome.
Learn more about Effort below.
brainly.com/question/890147
Answer: Independent married couples
Explanation:
Independent married couples love each other and share most of their activities together however they still have their own life separately or independently that doesn't evolve around the other partner.
This is a health relationship because each person doesn't feel bound to the other they can still establish their own independence. Some couples may complain of having lost their independence due to marriage which may make them feel suffocated by the other person but for independent couples it is always interesting when they get to do something together because they still have their own independent lives.
