In the 1995 case of Vernonia School District v. Acton, the Supreme Court upheld a school district's policy that required students to consent to random drug testing in order to participate in sports
Anyone born in or legally migrated to the United States are citizens and have the same rights and privillages as everyone else, and are subject to Due process under the law.
African Americans because even though they gained their freedom in the 1800s, they weren't allowed to vote until the early mid 1900s. Things like Jim Crow laws and literacy tests prevented them from voting until those were lifted. <span />