John is describing his self-concept.
Self-concept is what you answer when asked the question - Who are you?/Who am I? The term refers to your ideas about yourself, which are based on your own opinions and the opinions of others. It answers the questions related to your perception, evaluation, or general thoughts about yourself.
Yes, because there are many people who are learning or who know the language and live near, far or in the place they are speaking the language of.
1.free will
2.determinism
3.hereditarianism
4.environmentalism
