Answer:
Food poisoning, also called foodborne illness, is illness caused by eating contaminated food. Infectious organisms — including bacteria, viruses and parasites — or their toxins are the most common causes of food poisoning. ... Contamination can also occur at home if food is incorrectly handled or cooked
Explanation:
Pathways through which nitrogen is recycled through the biosphere. Water that falls from clouds in the atmosphere to Earth's surface, such as rain, snow, and sleet. Precipitation that is not absorbed by the soil and flows over the surface of the ground. Process in which plants give off water vapor.
seeps in the ground and becomes ground water. Water is taken by roots of plants after going through plants the water moves in the atmosphere. ... in the living portion of the water cycle, water is taken up by.
The mechanism of action of Bordetella pertussis is to stop the cilia of epithelial cells from beating.
<em>Bordetella pertussis</em> is a pathogenic, gram-negative bacteria. It is the causative agent of highly communicable respiratory disease known as pertussis or whooping cough.
The mechanism of action of Bordetella pertussis:
- This bacterium colonizes the ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory airways of the host.
- A surface protein on the bacteria called filamentous haemagglutinin adhesin binds to sulfatides on the cilia of epithelial cells. When the bacterium is anchored, it releases tracheal cytotoxin, which prevents the cilia from beating.
- As a result, the cilia in an organism's lungs are unable to sweep out foreign material, and the body reacts by causing the host to cough. When people cough, bacteria are released into the air, where they might spread to other hosts.
- Another toxin called the pertussis toxin, often known as PTx, prevents adenylate cyclase from using ATP to convert to cyclic AMP. This results in over-conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP, which may interfere with cellular signaling systems. As a result, phagocytes are unable to respond to an infection effectively.
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The Answer is The Arteries
