Question

A group of students at a high school took a standardized test. The number of students who passed or failed the exam is broken down by gender in the following table. Determine whether gender and passing the test are independent by filling out the blanks in the sentence below, rounding all probabilities to the nearest thousandth.
Passed Failed
Male 58 14
Female 98 11
Since P(male)xP(fail) = ___and P(male and fail)= ,___ the two results are_______ - so the events are________

Answer 1

Answer:

Since P(male)xP(fail) = 0.0549 and and P(male and fail) = 0.0773, the two results are different, so the events are not independent.

Step-by-step explanation:

Independent events:

Two events, A and B are independent, if:

$P(A \cap B) = P(A)P(B)$

Probability of male:

58 + 14 = 72 males out of 58 + 14 + 98 + 11 = 181

So

P(male) = 72/181 = 0.3978

Probability of failling:

14 + 11 = 25 students fail out of 181. So

P(fail) = 28/181 = 0.1381

Multiplitication of male and failling:

0.3978*0.1381 = 0.0549

Probability of being male and failing:

14 out of 181. So

14/181 = 0.0773

Different probabilities, so not independent.

Since P(male)xP(fail) = 0.0549 and and P(male and fail) = 0.0773, the two results are different, so the events are not independent.