Base substitutions, deletions, and insertions are the three different forms of DNA mutations.
A mutation is a long-lasting alteration to the DNA's nucleotide sequence that can occur during replication and/or recombination. Damaged DNA can change by base pair replacement, deletion, or insertion. The majority of the time, mutations are benign, unless they result in tumor growth or cell death. Cells have developed systems for repairing damaged DNA due to the deadly potential of DNA mutations.
Different Mutations
Base substitutions, deletions, and insertions are the three different forms of DNA mutations.
1. Base Replacements
Point mutations are single nucleotide replacements; you may recall the point mutation Glu ——-> Val is the culprit of sickle cell anemia. There are two types of point mutations, the most prevalent of which are.
Transition and Transversion.
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Answer:
d. The carbon atoms came from carbon dioxide and were incorporated into sugars through photosynthesis in the grass.
Explanation:
Grass eating cows are heterotrophs and can not synthesize the organic sugars by themselves. They derive it from grasses they eat.
Grasses are the autotrophs that can fix atmospheric carbon dioxide into glucose in the presence of sunlight by the process of photosynthesis. The extra glucose formed during photosynthesis is stored in the cells of grasses in the form of starch and becomes a source of carbon for herbivores such as cows.
Answer. D
Explanation:
After the messenger RNA (mRNA) is formed, it has to go trough different steps before being translated into proteins, also known as maturation of the mRNA. One of the most important steps is splicing, a process that removes the introns (regions of the sequence that do not codify for any particular amino acid sequence or protein). In other words, the splicing process removes sequences that do not generate any protein, leaving only the exons to be translated into protein. However, the genes (within our DNA) will contain exons and introns; Therefore, the gene sequence will have more kilobases compared to mature mRNA as the introns in this macromolecule have been spliced out.
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Answer:
Crossing over is a process that happens between homologous chromosomes in order to increase genetic diversity. During crossing over, part of one chromosome is exchanged with another. The result is a hybrid chromosome with a unique pattern of genetic material.Crossing-over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. It results in new combinations of genes on each chromosome. When cells divide during meiosis, homologous chromosomes are randomly distributed to daughter cells, and different chromosomes segregate independently of each other.
Explanation:
