Answer:
Proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely attached molecules that can move around
Explanation:
Cell membranes are mainly composed of lipids, proteins, and also carbohydrates. Phospholipids are the most abundant type of lipid and the main constituent of the cell membranes. Membrane proteins are divided into two types according to their interactions with the cell membrane: 1-integral (intrinsic) and peripheral (extrinsic) proteins. These peripheral proteins are loosely attached by ionic bonds or calcium bridges with the phosphate heads of the phospholipids; whereas integral membrane proteins contain side chains that interact with fatty acyl groups of the phospholipids. Cell membrane fluidity indicates how easily lipids (e.g., phospholipids and cholesterol) and proteins (e.g., intrinsic proteins) diffuse laterally in the cell membrane. This fluidity is affected by the amount of cholesterol, temperature, and the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain, whereas unsaturated fatty acids have at least one double bond (these double bonds increase fluidity). Moreover, higher temperatures increase membrane fluidity, whereas cholesterol molecules function to regulate membrane fluidity: at high temperatures cholesterol molecules stabilize the membrane, whereas at low temperatures intercalate between phospholipids, thereby preventing them from clustering together.
Answer:
The enveloped viruses are resistant to disinfectants.
Explanation:
The outer covering or the envelope in the virus comes from the infected cell. This envelope is formed by the process called as budding off, from the host cell. The envelope that covers the virus provides resistance to various disinfectants and prevent virus from damage. The outer coat (envelope) is formed of a small part of cell membrane.
The virus that lyses and kills the cell immediately is less worse than the enveloped virus. The virus that kills cells immediately prevents the host cell from continuously synthesizing new virus particles. Thus, no more viral particles can be produced by the host cell. So, envelope viruses are worse that viruses that directly kills the host cell.
This indicates a possible problem with the ribosome of the cell. Ribosomes in cells are responsible for translation the genetic codes in mRNA to appropriate proteins with the help of tRNA. mRNA, rRNA, tRNA and ribosome work together during protein synthesis to produce chains of amino acids that are linked together by polypeptide bonds.
For the environmental risk, it is much better to prevent pollution than to deal with it after it has already been made. When you deal with the pollution, it is hard to say that you can eliminate completely. So, prevention is the first strategy.
