Answer:
Option D. Ten per cent of the peptides generated are 8-9 residues in length is the correct answer.
Explanation:
An efficient derived from constitutive proteasome is called immunoproteasome. Its expression is highly visible in immune cells. It has an important role in immune system which is to degrade proteins of viral origin and intracellular proteins into smaller proteins. (See image for more detailed explanation)
Answer: X is propionyl-CoA, CH3CH2C0CoA
The structure and reaction pathway are shown in the attachments.
Explanation: In the oxidation of odd-number fatty acids, the substrate for the last pass through beta-oxidation is fatty acyl-CoA with a five-carbon fatty acid. This is oxidized and cleaved to acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle while the propionyl-CoA is converted in three enzymatic steps to succinyl-CoA which can then enter the citric acid cycle.
Step 1: Conversion of propionyl-CoA to D-methylmalonyl-CoA
Propionyl-CoA is carboxylated to D-methylmalonyl-CoA by the enzyme <em>propionyl-CoA carboxylase</em>, which contains the cofactor <em>biotin</em>. A molecule of ATP and Carbon (iv) oxide (in the form of hydrogen carbonate ion) is required also.
Step 2: Epimerization of D-methylmalonyl-CoA
D-methylmalonyl-CoA is epimerized by the enzyme <em>methylmalonyl-Co epimerase</em> to its L stereoisomer, <em>L-methylmalonyl-CoA.</em>
Step 3: Conversion of L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA
This reaction is catalysed by <em>methylmalonyl-CoA mutase</em> which requires the <em>coenzyme B12.</em>
<em />
Explanation:
During glycolysis, enzymes act on the substrate, glucose. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm; here, 2 molecules of ATP are used to cleave glucose into 2 pyruvates, 4 ATP and 2 electron carrying NADH molecules.
Further Explanation:
In all eukaryotic cells mitochondria are small cellular organelles bound by membranes, these make most of the chemical energy required for powering the biochemical reactions within the cell. This chemical energy is stored within the molecule ATP which is produced. Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’ or Citric acid cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycolysis in the cytoplasm).
overall: C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ≈38 ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation describes a process in which the NADH and FADH2 made in previous steps of respiration process give up electrons in the electron transport chain these are converted it to their previous forms, NADH+ and FAD. Electrons continue to move down the chain the energy they release is used in pumping protons out of the matrix of the mitochondria.
This forms a gradient where there is a differential in the number of protons on either side of the membrane the protons flow or re-enter the matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase, which makes the energy storage molecules of ATP from the reduction of ADP. At the end of the electron transport, three molecules of oxygen accept electrons and protons to form molecules of water...
- Glycolysis: occurs in the cytoplasm 2 molecules of ATP are used to cleave glucose into 2 pyruvates, 4 ATP and 2 electron carrying NADH molecules.
- The Kreb's cycle: in the mitochondrial matrix- 6 molecules of CO2 are produced by combining oxygen and the carbon within pyruvate, 2 ATP oxygen molecules, 8 NADH and 2 FADH2.
- The electron transport chain, ETC: in the inner mitochondrial membrane, 34 ATP, electrons combine with H+ split from 10 NADH, 4 FADH2, renewing the number of electron acceptors and 3 oxygen; this forms 6 H2O, 10 NAD+, 4 FAD.
Learn more about cellular life at brainly.com/question/11259903
Learn more about cellular respiration at brainly.com/question/11203046
#LearnWithBrainly
It is used in measuring the humidity in the air or in gas
Answer:
This is Mendel's principle of dominance.
