Answer/Explanation:
A mutation alters the sequence of DNA. Therefore, the mRNA that is transcribed from the DNA has a different sequence.
This mRNA goes on to be read by the protein synthesis machinery in the cell. The protein synthesis machinery translates the sequence of the mRNA into an amino acid sequence, which makes up the protein.
If the sequence of the mRNA is different, due to a mutation in the DNA, then the cell will translate a different sequence into an amino acid. This alters the composition of the protein.
Mutations can be small, and affect only one amino acid, or they could be huge, and impact the entire protein.
Mutations have very different consequences in gametes vs non-gamete cells.
If a mutation occurs in a gamete, that means the mutation will be passed on to the next generation, as it is contained in the DNA in the egg or sperm that becomes fertilised to make a gamete.
However, mutations that occur in other cells are not passed on to the next generation. That does not mean they do not have effects. E.g. mutations in the skin caused by exposure to UV rays from the sun can contribute to cancer, but would not be passed on to the individual's children
Answer:
I think it's A " The train must be able to complete the trip in six hours "
Answer:
The most common fungal diseases of fish are saprolegniasis, disease caused by Achlya, branchiomycosis, epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) and ichthyophoniasis
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Answer:
The main purpose of the circulatory system is to transport blood, oxygen, nutrients and hormones to and from different cells and tissues throughout the body.
Explanation:
This system works hand-in-hand with the respiratory system to facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the blood per the alveoli in the lungs.
Answer:
I am writing this in response to a letter regarding evolution. Evolution is increasingly solid, not shaky. Darwin’s “theory” or explanation was a way of understanding what he had discovered (which did not include genes, chromosomes, DNA or nucleotide bases). Our explanations now include genetics and the commonality of mutation.
Proofs are solid, not in question by serious scientists. Direct observation is one, which we see in the fact that this year’s flu evolved a little too far from last year’s, so flu shots are less effective this year than we would like them to be.
Fossils tell the story well: whales with legs, dinosaurs with feathers and Tiktaalik. The latter was found in the Canadian north and is part fish, part amphibian, before there were ever any amphibians. Imperfection is a good proof: think of your useless appendix, the very bad design of your ankles, knees, and back (talk to a chiropractor about that). You have big toes because they used to be useful thumbs for your grasping feet.
Many other animals and even plants similarly have flaws that show their evolutionary past. Two large human chromosomes reflect the coming together of two chimpanzee chromosomes each.
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