I will do them one by one okay the 1st one is allergy
Last option. Of course there are many other guys to resort to but she just chooses for the guy to be her option. I hope that’s not too confusing!
Answer:
b. The rats press the lever least when cocaine is presented.
Explanation:
Reinforcement or reward refers to the physiological processes by which a given behavior, such as drug use, becomes habitual. This occurs when neurons release the neurotransmitter dopamine to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after drug use.
In tobacco, nicotine is the main component triggering of the reinforcement. Once inside the brain, nicotine activates nicotinic receptors, which in turn contributes to the reinforcement mechanism. Following repeated exposure to nicotine, a neuroadaptation process is established for some (but not all) effects of nicotine. Increased brain nAChRs (acetylcoline receptors) are observed in response to desensitization of these nicotine-mediated receptors. This desensitization can play an important role in the development of tolerance and dependence.
The fact that nicotine is a weak reinforcer, means that maybe the rat already had an neuroadaptation with this drug, not feeling anything with this drug anymore, and thats why he would prefer other drug, like cocaine, pressing the lever of nicotine less often.
Well if you like a sport you will most likely put all of your effort to it. And if you don’t like the sport you would probably not care and just play.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Homeostasis refers to the internal body system that helps to regulate our internal body environment, such as our temperature, blood pressure, etc.
By means of<em> internal sensors</em> which monitor when there is a change in our normal body condition, these reaction times occur for example:
- when we are triggered by our body to go and dehydrate (urinate) in the restroom,
- or maybe when we begin to sweat heavily after performing physical activity, those tiny droplets of sweat helps cool our body down.
All these automatic responses help us maintain homeostasis in our body.
