An increase in volume DECREASES the pressure in the chest (pressure and volume vary inversely when temperature is held constant -- Boyle's law). Gas can only flow from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure. It can't go uphill -- ever. It can only go from high to low pressure. When the diaphragm and intercostals contract, the diaphragm flattens and the rib cage rises. That increases the volume of the chest. That increase in volume decreases the pressure inside the chest (temperature is held constant -- because the temperature of the chest cavity does not change appreciably. It remains at body temp.). Air then flows from the area of higher pressure (atmospheric) to lower pressure (intrathoracic). That continues until the pressures are equal.
When the diaphragm and intercostals relax, the chest cavity decreases in size, the pressure increases to above atmospheric, and gas flows again from the area of higher pressure (intrathoracic) to lower pressure (atmospheric) until they are again equal.
It has nothing to do with the concentration of oxygen. You can ventilate a lung with ANY gas. It has to do with the change in pressure and only the change in pressure -- which is a function of the volume of the chest cavity.
Factors that determine the rate of stream erosion-
➡️ Rainfall (more rain more erosion). ✔️
➡️water velocity ✔️
➡️shape, size and depth of channel ✔️
➡️stream capacity to transport eroded material, and the nature of the material being transported✔️
➡️Gradient (Steepness or slope) ✔️
➡️Discharge (Amount of water carried at a given time) ✔️
➡️Load (The materials carried by a stream)
Rainfall (more rain more erosion). ✔️
➡️Slope (the steeper the slope the faster the water will flow) ✔️
➡️Geology (if the bedrock is a soft silt it will erode faster than granite).✔️
A fern is a vascular plant.
The conductive tissues of the angiosperms are the xylem which drives the raw sap and the phloem which conducts the elaborate sap.The phloem, or liber, drives the elaborate sap, solution of organic substances rich in carbohydrates, from the leaves to the other organs.
The elaborate sap (which contains organic substances produces by photosynthesis) is produced in the leaves, where the majority of the chlorophyll subsist, so if the leave die off, the production of organic substances and the elaborate sap are reduced, so its transport by the phloem will be reduced, and this is how the phloem will be affected by the dying of the leaves.
C. identical to, different from
