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kow [346]
3 years ago
13

12. Se obtienen 500 mL de CO2 en el laboratorio a una temperatura de 18 °C y una presión de 560 mmHg. El volumen que ocupa a con

diciones normales será A. 345,6 mL B. 625,2 mL C. 298,4 mL D. 798,5 mL
Biology
1 answer:
vfiekz [6]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

A. 345,6 mL

Explanation:

Tenemos un gas definido en ciertas condiciones (de presión, temperatura y volumen) y queremos saber el volumen que ocupará en condiciones normales de presión y temperatura, es decir, 1 atm y 0ºC.

Para resolver este problema utilizaremos la ecuación de los gases ideales:

pV=nRT

Ya tenemos todos los datos, y sólo nos resta calcular n, el número de moles. R es la constante de los gases, la cual tiene el valor redondeado de 0.082 L.atm/mol.K, por lo cual es importante convertir las unidades para que éstas se cancelen y den como resultado los moles de gas.

Dividimos 560 en 760 para pasar de mmHg a atm, 500 mL se dividen por 1000mL para pasar a litros, y a la temperatura de 18ºC se le suman 273 para pasarla a Kelvin.

Despejamos n de la ecuación:

n=p.V ÷ R.T

n= 0.740 atm × 0.50 L ÷ 0.082 L.atm/mol.K × 291 K

n= 0.0155 mol

Ahora que tenemos el número de moles del gas, podemos usar la ecuación nuevamente para calcular el volumen que tendrá el gas en condiciones normales (1 atm y 0ºC, o 273 K).

Despejamos V de la ecuación:

V= n.R.T ÷ p

V= 0.0155 mol × 0.082 L.atm/mol.K × 273 K ÷ 1 atm

V= 0.346 L ≈ 346 mL

El volumen que ocupará el mismo gas a condiciones normales será 346 mL, por ende la respuesta correcta es la A. Hay una pequeña discrepancia pero ésta es normal, se debe al redondeo del resultado al final (acá redondeo 345.6 a 346).

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