Answer:
A team of Chinese researchers have turned cheap copper into a new material “almost identical” to gold, according to a study published in peer-reviewed journal Science Advances on Saturday. The fast-moving ionized particles blasted copper atoms off the target.
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Explanation:
They are positively or negatively charged based on their electrical configuration of electrons*
For example an electronic configuration of 2,8,3 would have a negative charge if +3 since it needs to lose 3 electrons to gain the electrical configuration of a noble gas
2,8,1 would have a charge of +1 for the same reason
2,8,6 would be -2 since it is easier to gain 2 electrons that lose 6 electrons
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22.7 liters
The molar volume of an ideal gas depends on the temperature and pressure. One mole of any ideal gas occupies 22.7 liters at 0 0C and 1 bar (STP).
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