Decantation is a process for the separation of mixtures of immiscible liquids or of a liquid and a solid mixture such as a suspension.
Answer is: Li < Na < K.
Lithium (Li), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are alkaline metals.
Alkaline metals (far left in main group) have lowest ionizations energy and easy remove valence electrons (one electron).
Potassium has lowest ionization energy and it is most reactive, because valcense electrons is farthest from nucleus.
Electron configuration of lithium atom: ₃Li 1s² 2s¹.
Electron configuration of sodium atom: ₁₁Na 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹.
Electron configuration of potassium is: ₁₉K 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹.
The ionization energy (Ei) is the minimum amount of energy required to remove the valence electron, when element lose electrons, oxidation number of element grows (oxidation process).
Answer:
(-1) is the slope of a graph of In(y+3) on the vertical axis versus In(x-2) on the horizontal axis.
Explanation:
Taking natural logarithm on both the sides:
Slope intercept form is generally given as:
m = slope, c = intercept on y axis or vertical axis
On rearranging equation:
y = ln [(y+3)], x = ln [(x-2)], m=-1 , c = ln 2b
(-1) is the slope of a graph of In(y+3) on the vertical axis versus In(x-2) on the horizontal axis.
Answer:
a. pH = 4.56
b. Change in pH = 0.85
c. Change in pH = 5.4
Explanation:
a. The pKa of lactic buffer is: 3.86.
Using Henderson-Hasselbalch formula for the lactic buffer:
pH = 3.86 + log [Lactate] / [Lactic acid]
<em>Where [] is molarity of each compound but could be taken as moles</em>
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Replacing:
pH = 3.86 + log [0.050 moles] / [0.010 moles]
<em>pH = 4.56</em>
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b. The HCl added reacts with Lactate producing lactic acid. Moles of HCl are:
5x10⁻³L * (0.5mol /L) = 0.025 moles HCl
Moles of lactate: 0.050moles - 0.025 moles = 0.025 moles
Moles lactic acid: 0.010 moles + 0.025 moles = 0.035 moles
pH = 3.86 + log [0.025 moles] / [0.035 moles]
<em>pH = 3.71</em>
Change in pH = 4.56 - 3.71 = 0.85
c. 1L of pure water has a pH of 7. 0.025 moles of HCl = 0.025 moles H⁺ in 1.005L:
0.025 mol / 1.005L = 0.0249M = [H⁺]
As pH = -log [H⁺]
pH = 1.6
Change in pH = 7.0 - 1.6 = 5.4