From the question we are told that:

Year 1= \$110
Year 2 = \$121
Risk free rate is 
Risk premium 

a)
Generally, the equation for Equity Return is mathematically given by



Therefore Present Value (PV) is

b)
Generally, the equation for certainty-equivalent cash flow is mathematically given by

Therefore
For Certainty-equivalent cash flow Year One


For Certainty-equivalent cash flow Year Two


c)
The Ratio of the certainty-equivalent cash flows to the expected cash flows in years 1 and 2 could be written as

or

Answer:
18 glue sticks are left
Step-by-step explanation:
Full Question:
- Mrs. Eng bought 4 packs of glue sticks. Each pack has 5 glue sticks. Her class uses 2 of the glue sticks for a project. How many glue sticks are left?
Calculations:
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
uh oh whyyyy??????!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Given:
Volume of cubical tank =
cubic meters.
To find:
The length of a side of the water tank.
Solution:
The volume of a cubical tank is:

Where, a is the side length.
It is given that the volume of cubical tank is
cubic meters. So,


Taking cube root on both sides, we get


Therefore, the length of a side of the water tank is 2 meters.