Answer:
all of these changes can cause a change in population size is the answer.
mark me brainliestt :))
Answer:
because they can donate blood to anyone
Explanation:
Answer:
Exosomes as Therapeutic Target
Given the fact that elevated exosome levels are often correlated with greater severity of different types of cancer, reducing circulating exosomes to normal levels is one of therapeutic strategies to increase treatment efficacy. There are different approaches to modulate exosome production: 1) Inhibition of exosome formation: inhibit crucial proteins involved in exosome formation pathway; 2) Inhibition of exosome release: inhibit important regulators of exosome release process, increased intracellular Ca2+, change cellular microenvironmental pH; 3) Inhibition of exosome uptake: add proteinase for surface proteins on exosomes may serve as receptors for uptake pathways. In addition to control exosomes production, removal of exosomes from the entire circulatory system might be a novel strategy for cancer treatment.
Exosomes could also be used as cancer immunotherapy becasue tumor-derived exosomes carry antigens that is a great source of specific stimulus for the immune response against tumors. Both tumor-derived and dendritic cell-derived exosomes have showed capability to stimulate tumor antigen-specific responses in experimental animal models and human clinical trials.
Exosomes as Targeted Drug Delivery Vehicles
Exosomes became one of the most common methods applied in drug delivery system because of several advantages they have. Firstly, exosomes normally have a small size 40-100 nm, which is more homogenous compared to other microvesicles. This will lead them to evade rapid clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte and enhances passage through fenestrations in the vessel wall. Secondly, due to their endogenous origin, they are less toxic for and better tolerated by the immune system. It facilitates them to avoid causing side effects that normally occur with synthetic nanoparticles. Additionally, the specific ligand or protein expressed on the exosome surface increases efficiency of cargo into the cytosol of the target cell, and therefore fewer off-target effects. Exosomes are generally found most useful as a drug delivery medium in cancer therapy, anti-inflammation and gene interference therapy such as transferring of miRNA.
There are different kinds of cargos encapsulated by exosomes, especially like siRNA or miRNA. The delivery of RNA is attracting because they are rapid degradation in cell circulation and have the limitation in passing through the membrane and in cellular uptake. Chemotherapeutics loaded into exosomes is also used for cancer therapy such as doxorubicin. In principle, there are four key components to achieve correct functionality and efficacy during exosomes drug delivery:1) Choosing the donor cell type to produce drug-carrying exosomes; 2) Using correspond methods to encapsulate the exosomes cargo; 3) Enhancing the specificity of cargo delivery by targeting peptides on the surface of the exosomes; 4) Administrating exosomes to target the area of disease.
Explanation:
https://www.creative-biostructure.com/exosome-applications-652.htm
Q2. The answer is <span>C. Gymnosperms.
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The word 'Gymnosperms'<span> is derived from two greek words: 'gymnos' = naked and 'sperm' = seed. Literally, their seeds are naked, i.e. they </span>do not form inside an additional structure. Their seeds develop on the surface of scales modified to form cones. This group of plants <span>include pine trees, cycads, and cedar trees.
Q3. The answer is </span><span>A. Angiosperms.
Angiosperms or flowering plants are seed-producing plants, just like Gymnosperms. Their seeds</span> form inside additional structures known as fruits. This group is the most diverse group of plants and include nearly 300,000 species. Angiosperms include <span>grasses, roses, maple trees, and many other plants with flowers.
Q4. The answer is </span><span>B. Lichen.
Lichen consists of hyphae (just like other fungi) that surround cells of </span><span>green algae or other photosynthetic organisms. This partnership between fungi and algae is known as mutualistic symbiosis. As in any other mutualistic symbiosis, both partners have benefits: fungi gain nutrients from algae and algae gain protection from fungi.
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Q5. The answer is <span>C. Vertebrate.
Vertebrates are organisms with an</span><span> interior skeleton, or endoskeleton, and a backbone. Unlike vertebrates, invertebrates do not have a backbone or interior skeleton. The basic body plan of vertebrates includes vertebral column and/or notochord, the gastrointestinal tract below the notochord and the spinal cord above the notochord. Vertebrates include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
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Q6. The answer is <span>B. Invertebrate.
Invertebrates are organisms without an internal skeleton and backbone. The main difference between vertebrates and invertebrates is that vertebrates have backbone and internal skeleton and invertebrates lack in those structures. Invertebrates</span> include all animals that are not vertebrates and include about 97% of all animals. Some of them are <span>insects, sea anemones, and worms.
Q7. The answer is </span><span>A. Bilateral Symmetry.
Bilateral symmetry </span><span>is symmetry around a single line. That means that only one plane divides an organism into two matching halves, left and right. Thus, this type of symmetry is also known as left-right symmetry. Word 'bilateral' comes from two Latin words: 'bi-' means 'two' and 'latero' means 'side', literally 'bilateral' = 'two sides'. Human beings are the example of organisms with bilateral symmetry.
Q8. The answer is </span><span>C. Asymmetry
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Asymmetry means without symmetry. The word 'asymmetry' is derived from two Greek words: 'a-' = 'not' and 'symmetros' = symmetry, <span>commensurable. Not all animals are symmetric. There are some species that show asymmetry, such as some sponges and flatfish.
Q9. The answer is </span><span>B. Radial Symmetry.
A symmetry around any point is radial symmetry. The body of radially symmetric organisms can be divided into equal parts about a central point and they have </span>no left or right side of the body. This type of symmetry is characteristic for sea stars, sea cucumbers, sea anemone, jellyfish, corals.
