Answer:
From our 21st-century point of view, it is hard to imagine World War II without the United States as a major participant. Before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, however, Americans were seriously divided over what the role of the United States in the war should be, or if it should even have a role at all. Even as the war consumed large portions of Europe and Asia in the late 1930s and early 1940s, there was no clear consensus on how the United States should respond.
Explanation:
Short Term:
1. Taxation without representation
Examples: Sugar act, stamp act, quartering act, townshend acts
Long Term:
1. Enlightenment ideas
2. Salutary neglect
3. French and Indian War
4. Great Awakening
Answer:
What were the main characteristics of Enlightenment thinking
Explanation:
reason. the authority of all things.
secularism. applying science to religion and nature; "worldly"
scientific method. analysis, experiment, and conclusion.
utilities. the greatest good for the greatest number.
tolerance. ...
optimism and self-confidence. ...
freedom. ...
education for the masses.
<span>1988
Their most recent defeat for the world series came Thursday, 2 November between them and the Astros who won series 4-3
Prior to this , the dodgers last win was 27 years back which is 1988.
So far in history, the dodgers have won the World Series 6 times the first was in 1955, other 5 victorious wins of the World Series the group was in Los Angeles, with the triumphs coming in 1959, 1963, 1965, 1981 and their last win was in 1988.</span>
Answer:
International relations, the study of the relations of states with each other and with international organizations and certain subnational entities (e.g., bureaucracies, political parties, and interest groups). It is related to a number of other academic disciplines, including political science, geography, history, economics, law, sociology, psychology, and philosophy.
The field of international relations emerged at the beginning of the 20th century largely in the West and in particular in the United States as that country grew in power and influence. Whereas the study of international relations in the newly founded Soviet Union and later in communist China was stultified by officially imposed Marxist ideology, in the West the field flourished as the result of a number of factors: a growing demand to find less-dangerous and more-effective means of conducting relations between peoples, societies, governments, and economies; a surge of writing and research inspired by the belief that systematic observation and inquiry could dispel ignorance and serve human betterment; and the popularization of political affairs, including foreign affairs. The traditional view that foreign and military matters should remain the exclusive preserve of rulers and other elites yielded to the belief that such matters constituted an important concern and responsibility of all citizens. This increasing popularization of international relations reinforced the idea that general education should include instruction in foreign affairs and that knowledge should be advanced in the interests of greater public control and oversight of foreign and military policy.
This new perspective was articulated by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson (1913–21) in his program for relations between the Great Powers following a settlement of World War I. The first of his Fourteen Points, as his program came to be known, was a call for “open covenants of peace, openly arrived at” in place of the secret treaties that were believed to have contributed to the outbreak of the war. The extreme devastation caused by the war strengthened the conviction among political leaders that not enough was known about international relations and that universities should promote research and teaching on issues related to international cooperation and war and peace.
International relations scholarship prior to World War I was conducted primarily in two loosely organized branches of learning: diplomatic history and international law. Involving meticulous archival and other primary-source research, diplomatic history emphasized the uniqueness of international events and the methods of diplomacy as it was actually conducted. International law—especially the law of war—had a long history in international relations and was viewed as the source of fundamental normative standards of international conduct. The emergence of international relations was to broaden the scope of international law beyond this traditional focal point.
