Answer D) Radiation
Answer comes from diagram shown in question
Astronomers define star<span> brightness in terms of apparent </span>magnitude<span> (how bright the </span>star<span> appears from Earth) and </span>absolute magnitude<span> (how bright the </span>star<span>appears at a standard distance of 32.6 light years, or 10 parsecs).</span>
Answer:
The threshold in biology is explained in terms of neuroscience or action potential that affects nervous system.
The threshold value is the value that identifies incoming signals that should be sufficient enough to generate an action potential. The potentials generated by the signals are additive, and reaches threshold depends on their amplitude and frequency.
An absolute threshold is defined as the minimum level of signals like light, touch or sound , detected by any organism and allows them to react.
While Difference threshold allow to detect difference between two different signals.
One useful point about the moment magnitude scale is that it is logarithmic, where each whole number represents a factor of 32. Therefore, the difference in two whole numbers of the magnitude means that an earthquake is 1,000 times stronger. For example, a 7.0 magnitude earthquake releases 1,000 times more energy than a 5.0 one.
