Top-down effects imply control through predation, including fishery, while
bottom-up effects imply control through food abundance, often thought to be driven by climate or nutrient load.
<h3>What is Top down regulation ?</h3>
The top-down effect refers to a higher trophic level influences the community structure of a lower trophic level through predation.
<h3>What is Bottom up regulation ?</h3>
The bottom-up effect means that a lower trophic level in the biological network affects the community structure of higher trophic levels by means of resource restriction
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Answer:
Induction, in embryology, process by which the presence of one tissue influences the development of others.
A.
conserve energy
The smaller muscle mass of the sloth, means that it needs less energy to work, allowing it to be able to survive on a less diet.
Most of their muscles are concentrated in their upper body, allowing them to be efficient climbers but very slow on the ground.
<span>The part of the plant body that serves as anchorage to the plant is a. Root. Root is the part of the plants that is found in the soil. Therefore, it is a support to the plants that helps them to stay in the ground and not to fall down. Trees and shrubs have more woody roots providing better anchors for this type of plants.</span>
Parasitism
Parasitism can be defined
as a relationship between species in which one organism (parasite) lives on or
in another organism which is the host, causing it some harm without immediately
killing it. Thus, parasitism is a kinds of close, symbiosis and persistent
biological interactions.
