The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element.
Atoms with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons are called isotopes.
The 2nd goes to first 1st goes to second 3rd goes last 5th goes 3rd
In human gene therapy, a genetically modified virus (a.k.a. a viral vector) can alter the genetic variation of a cell, but not all viral vectors do.
The process often begins with the delivery of or creation of a segment of viral double stranded DNA (containing the gene you want to introduce). Then typically an enzyme known as an integrase cuts the ends of the segment of viral DNA and also cuts open the cell's DNA. Then the viral DNA is integrated/ inserted into the cell's DNA. The connecting ends are ligated together and adjusted so that the nucleotide base pairs match up.
This in the future may affect the gene pool for instance if the viral DNA (your gene) was inserted in the middle of another gene or important regulatory sequence of the cell DNA, and this alteration may be passed on into offspring and become present in the gene pool, which could have bad effects.
The effects on the gene pool really depends on what the virus ends up doing. For example, it may fix the function of a damaged gene which is the goal, and allow for a working gene to be in the gene pool, which would be good. The problem with gene therapy is that it's difficult to predict 100% what the virus will do every time it is given to a patient.
But it's very important to consider that it will only affect the gene pool if the virus is able to enter and alter germ cells (reproductive cells). If the virus, enters somatic cells (regular body cells) this will not be passed on to future generations. So viruses can be designed to avoid germ cells and avoid this gene pool issue. Also, some viral vectors use viruses that do not integrate their DNA, the cells just express the viral DNA (create the desired protein from it) and over time the viral DNA is degraded/ lost which wouldn't pose this threat.
This is long, but I hope it helped!
Answer:
There are two categories of these factors: abiotic and biotic. Abiotic factors are the non-living parts of the environment that can often have a major influence on living organisms. Abiotic factors include water, sunlight, oxygen, soil and temperature.
Explanation:
Biotic factors are interactions associated with living organisms. They can also influence the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem. grazing - too little leads to dominant plants outcompeting other species, too much reduces species numbers overall. Both decrease biodiversity.
Abiotic factors affect the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce. Abiotic limiting factors restrict the growth of populations. They help determine the types and numbers of organisms able to exist within an environment.
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Answer: Daughter cell that does not receive mitochondria, will not be able to produce the energy needed to carry out cell functions. The cell that receives all the mitochondria, will be able to carry out cellular respiration and thus produce energy.
Explanation:
The mitochondrion is a cellular organelle found in eukaryotic cells, and provides the energy needed to carry out cellular activity. They are characterized by their large size, compared to other cell organelles, and their globular shape. <u>Mitochondria generate most of the chemical energy needed to activate the biochemical reactions in the cell</u>,<u> through a process called cellular respiration</u>. It irefers to a set of biochemical reactions by which certain organic compounds are degraded by oxidation into inorganic substances. The chemical energy produced by mitochondria is stored in an energized molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Then, if during cell division, one of the daughter cells does not receive mitochondria, it will not have the necessary organelles to carry out cell respiration and will not be able to produce the energy needed to carry out cell functions. The cell that receives all the mitochondria will have no major problems, it will be able to carry out cellular respiration and thus produce energy.
