Answer:
2257000 J
Explanation:
Applying,
Q = Cₓm.................. Equation 1
Where Q = amount of energy need to boil the water, Cₓ = Enthalpy of vaporization of water, m = mass of water.
From the question,
Given: Cₓ = 2257000 J/kg, m = 1 kg
Substitute these values into equation 1
Q = 2257000×1
Q = 2257000 J
Hence the energy needed to boil all of the water is 2257000 J
Answer: n-Butanol are converted using SN2 and tert-butanol is converted using SN1
Explanation: For the conversion of n-butanol into butyl chloride using Hydrogen Chloride the reaction would follow SN2 mechanism.
SN2 reaction mechanism occurs only in the case of primary substrates as it is a one step mechanism that happens in a concerted manner. It involves backside attack of nucleophile on the substrate such that the nucleophile attacks from the back side and leaving group leaves from the front side.
In this reaction since hydroxy group (OH) is not a good leaving group hence firstly we need to convert it into a good leaving group. When we treat n-butanol with HCl hydroxy group is protonated and now it turns into a good leaving group as it can leave as H₂O.
Cl⁻ here acts as nucleophile and now attacks the primary carbon center from the back side which contains the protonated hydroxy group as a leaving group.
In the case of tertiary butanol the reaction follows SN1 mechanism and it is 2 step mechanism.
In the first step hydroxy group is protonated and as it becomes a good leaving group it leaves and leads to the formation of a stable tertiary carbocation as an intermediate.
In the second step this intermediate carbocation is attacked by the Cl⁻ nucleophile which leads to the formation of tertiary butyl chloride.
Kindly find in attachment the reaction mechanism for both the reactions.
The volume occupied by one mole of any gas at standard temperature(0o) and pressure(1 atm) is 22.4 litres. This volume is a close approximation and different gases vary slightly. The molar volume of any gas at S.T.P. is 22.4L .The mole of any gas can therefore be found using the expression on the right.
Flame tests are used to identify the presence of a relatively small number of metal ions in a compound. Not all metal ions give flame colors. For Group 1 compounds, flame tests are usually by far the easiest way of identifying which metal you have got.
They basically speed up the process of making a product. Therefore, it saves them money in the long run.
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