CH3CH2CH2CH3 < CH3CH2CHO < CH3CHOHCH3
Explanation:
Boiling point trend of Butane, Propan-1-ol and Propanal.
Butane is a member of the CnH2n+2 homologous series is an alkane. Alkanes have C-H and C-C bonds which have Van der waals dispersion forces which are temporary dipole-dipole forces (forces caused by the electron movement in a corner of the atom). This bond is weak but increases as the carbon chain/molecule increases.
In Propan-1-ol(Primaryalcohol), there is a hydrogen bond present in the -OH group. Hydrogen bond is caused by the attraction of hydrogen to a highly electronegative element like Cl-, O- etc. This bond is stronger than dispersion forces because of the relative energy required to break the hydrogen bond. Alcohols (CnH2n+1OH) also experience van der waals dispersion forces on its C-C chain and C-H so as the Carbon chain increases the boiling point increases in the homologous series.
Propanal which is an Aldehyde (Alkanal) with the general formula CnH2n+1CHO. This molecule has a C-O, C-C and C-H bonds only. If you notice, the Oxygen is not bonded to the Hydrogen so there is no hydrogen bond but the C-O bond has a permanent dipole-dipole force caused by the electronegativity of oxygen which is bonded to carbon. It also has van der waals dispersion forces caused by the C-C and C-H as the carbon chain increases down the homologous series. The permanent dipole-dipole forces are not as easy to break as van der waals forces.
In conclusion, the hydrogen bonds present in alcohols are stronger than the permanent dipole-dipole bonds in the aldehyde and the van der waals forces in alkanes (irrespective of the carbon chain in Butane). So Butane < Propanal < Propan-1-ol
Answer:
A. Isotope
Explanation:
For example you have Carbon 12 with 6 protons and 6 neutrons and Carbon 14 with 6 protons and 8 neutrons.
Answer:
Organic matter composted with earthworms, often known as vermicompost, has been demonstrated in studies to have disease-suppressing qualities. The earthworms loosen the soil and enrich it with humus. As a result, they are known as farmer's pals. They help the crops grow healthier and over the time have earned farmers trust.
Explanation:
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