Cellulose is another long polymer of glucose. Plant cells make their cell walls out of cellulose. In fact, 100 billion tons of cellulose is made every year on earth. Cellulose is indigestible in most animals, including us. Ever eat a cardboard box? You get the picture. We simply lack cellulase, the enzyme that can break it down. Some bacteria, some single-celled protists, and fungi have the enzyme. Animals that feed on cellulose harbor these microbes that help them digest it. Even though, we cannot break down this molecule, we do need cellulose in our diet. We call it “fiber”. Cellulose stimulates the colon to produce regular bowel movements and helps make the stools large and soft. A diet rich in fiber can prevent a painful intestinal disorder called diverticulosis. Hard impacted stools can sometimes cause the walls of the colon to form blind outpockets called diverticula which can periodically inflame. So what makes cellulose different from starch? Isn’t it made of glucose? Well it is but the glucose monomers are organized in an interesting fashion. The orientation of the glucose molecules alternates. So if the first one is right side up, the next one is upside down and then the next is right side up and the next one is upside down. Apparently this is a tricky arrangement for an enzyme to break.
Answer:
Sunlight and Water
Explanation:
Plants can make food from absorbing sunlight
Answer:
I am writing this in response to a letter regarding evolution. Evolution is increasingly solid, not shaky. Darwin’s “theory” or explanation was a way of understanding what he had discovered (which did not include genes, chromosomes, DNA or nucleotide bases). Our explanations now include genetics and the commonality of mutation.
Proofs are solid, not in question by serious scientists. Direct observation is one, which we see in the fact that this year’s flu evolved a little too far from last year’s, so flu shots are less effective this year than we would like them to be.
Fossils tell the story well: whales with legs, dinosaurs with feathers and Tiktaalik. The latter was found in the Canadian north and is part fish, part amphibian, before there were ever any amphibians. Imperfection is a good proof: think of your useless appendix, the very bad design of your ankles, knees, and back (talk to a chiropractor about that). You have big toes because they used to be useful thumbs for your grasping feet.
Many other animals and even plants similarly have flaws that show their evolutionary past. Two large human chromosomes reflect the coming together of two chimpanzee chromosomes each.
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An example of decomposers in the desert could be worms, beetles, or bacteria. Decomposers can't always stay alive because of the drought. Good luck!!
