A salt or ester of phosphoric acid, containing PO43− or a related anion or a group such as —OPO(OH)2.
Answer:
1. short, single strands
Explanation:
Unlike DNA, RNA is single-stranded. A strand
Answer:Fossils are all throughout different rock layers. The oldest fossils are on top and the newest are at the bottom.
Explanation: there is a rich fossil record that shows the evolutionary transitions from horse ancestors to modern horses that document intermediate forms and a gradual adaptation o changing ecosystems.
The answer would be A packing becomes less tight. The double bounds create kinks in the chain making it harder for the chains to back tightly
Answer:
The correct order of events is:
C) Nicotine binds to the transmembrane protein that normally binds the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
A) The acetylcholine receptor is an ion channel, and when a ligand binds, the ion channel opens.
B) An influx of ions carries the signal to the reward areas of the brain.
D) The signal causes release of dopamine in the brain, which causes good feelings.
E) Nicotine is quickly eliminated from the body (causing cravings for more cigarettes to produce good feelings).
Explanation:
Nicotine acts on acetyl cholinergic receptors that are located in membranes of the midbrain neurons. Nicotine can activate those receptors or block them more efficiently than acetylcholine. Stimulation of nicotinic receptors leads to an increase in ions flow that reaches the brain and causes dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens through axonal prolongations of the dopaminergic pathway. This response is responsible for the smoker´s recompense sensation.
The dopaminergic pathway is the most important way in the process of nicotine dependence and addiction to the drug.
