To calculate this we will use the light equation:
λ
We have Frequency
.
We know that speed of light in vacuum is
.
Since a unit of speed of light is m/s, we can change the unit of frequency Hz to 1/s, since Hz means cycles per second (f=1/T).
So:
<span>
</span>
<span>
λ
</span>⇒ λ
⇒ λ
⇒ <span>λ</span>
What would most likely reduce the bias present in Elias' experimental design would be to not ask just the members of his high school team to be the subjects because they represent a very specific group of people. It would be much better to use a random group of people and have them do the same thing.
The patient can be subjected to intraoperative cholangiography wherein a stent in the bile duct will be placed and a radiopaque dye will be injected. X-rays will be taken. This is to locate the level of obstruction and to confirm if there is a common bile duct obstruction. In extracting stones, the surgeon can prefer doing an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or ERCP and perform basket extraction of the common bile duct stone; or to surgically remove the sphincter of Oddi to allow easy passage of the stones.
